Hedgehog-Regulated Costal2-Kinase Complexes Control Phosphorylation and Proteolytic Processing of Cubitus Interruptus

• Published in: Developmental cell Vol. 8; no. 2; pp. 267 - 278
• Main Authors: Zhang, Wensheng, Zhao, Yun, Tong, Chao, Wang, Gelin, Wang, Bing, Jia, Jianhang, Jiang, Jin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cambridge, MA Elsevier Inc 01.02.2005; Cell Press
• Subjects: Animals; Animals, Genetically Modified; Binding Sites; Biological and medical sciences; Casein Kinase I - genetics; Casein Kinase I - metabolism; Cell differentiation, maturation, development, hematopoiesis; Cell physiology; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases - genetics; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases - metabolism; DNA-Binding Proteins - genetics; DNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism; Drosophila; Drosophila - genetics; Drosophila - growth & development; Drosophila - metabolism; Drosophila Proteins - chemistry; Drosophila Proteins - genetics; Drosophila Proteins - metabolism; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Genes, Insect; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 - genetics; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 - metabolism; Hedgehog Proteins; Kinesin - chemistry; Kinesin - genetics; Kinesin - metabolism; Models, Biological; Molecular and cellular biology; Mutation; Phenotype; Phosphorylation; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Recombinant Fusion Proteins - genetics; Recombinant Fusion Proteins - metabolism; Transcription Factors; Wings, Animal - growth & development; Wings, Animal - metabolism; Development; Phosphorylation; Regulation(control); Enzyme; Kinase; Transferases
• ISSN: 1534-5807; 1878-1551
• DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2005.01.001

Hedgehog (Hh) proteins control animal development by regulating the Gli/Ci family of transcription factors. In Drosophila, Hh counteracts phosphorylation by PKA, GSK3, and CKI to prevent Cubitus interruptus (Ci) processing through unknown mechanisms. Here, we show that these kinases physically interact with the kinesin-like protein Costal2 (Cos2) to control Ci processing and that Hh inhibits such interaction. Cos2 is required for Ci phosphorylation in vivo, and Cos2-immunocomplexes (Cos2IPs) phosphorylate Ci and contain PKA, GSK3, and CKI. By using a Kinesin-Cos2 chimeric protein that carries Cos2-interacting proteins to the microtubule plus end, we demonstrated that these kinases bind Cos2 in intact cells. PKA, GSK3, and CKI directly bind the N- and C-terminal regions of Cos2, both of which are essential for Ci processing. Finally, we showed that Hh signaling inhibits Cos2-kinase complex formation. We propose that Cos2 recruits multiple kinases to efficiently phosphorylate Ci and that Hh inhibits Ci phosphorylation by specifically interfering with kinase recruitment.