Chromatic intervention and biocompatibility assay for biosurfactant derived from Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 11; no. 1; pp. 4186 - 12
• Main Authors: Panchariya, Vishal, Bhati, Vishal, Madhyastha, Harishkumar, Madhyastha, Radha, Prasad, Jagdish, Sharma, Priyal, Sharma, Paras, Harish, Saini, Mahesh Kumar, Rajput, Vishnu D, Nakajima, Yuichi, Kothari, S L, Gour, Vinod Singh
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Nature Publishing Group 18.02.2021; Nature Publishing Group UK; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: Balanites aegyptiaca; Biocompatibility; Biosurfactants; Decolorization; Fibroblasts; Hemolysis; Hydrogen peroxide; Mitochondria; Plant extracts; Reactive oxygen species; Surfactants; Toxicity; Variance analysis
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83573-7

Extraction of biosurfactants from plants is advantageous than from microbes. The properties and robustness of biosurfactant derived from the mesocarp of Balanites aegyptiaca have been reported. However, the dark brown property of biosurfactant and lack of knowledge of its biocompatibility limits its scope. In the present work, the decolorization protocol for this biosurfactant was optimized using hydrogen peroxide. The hemolytic potential and biocompatibility based on cell toxicity and proliferation were also investigated. This study is the first report on the decolorization and toxicity assay of this biosurfactant. For decolorization of biosurfactant, 3 full factorial design was used, and the data were subjected to ANOVA. Results indicate that 1.5% of hydrogen peroxide can decolorize the biosurfactant most efficiently at 40 °C in 70 min at pH 7. Mitochondrial reductase (MTT) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays on M5S mouse skin fibroblast cells revealed that decolorized biosurfactant up to 50 µg/mL for 6 h had no significant toxic effect. Hemolysis assay showed ~ 2.5% hemolysis of human RBCs, indicating the nontoxic effect of this biosurfactant. The present work established a decolorization protocol making the biosurfactant chromatically acceptable. Biocompatibility assays confirm its safer use as observed by experiments on M5S skin fibroblast cells under in vitro conditions.