Molecular photosensitisers for two-photon photodynamic therapy
Two-photon excitation has attracted the attention of biologists, especially after the development of two-photon excited microscopy in the nineties. Since then, new applications have rapidly emerged such as the release of biologically active molecules and photodynamic therapy (PDT) using two-photon e...
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| Published in | Chemical communications (Cambridge, England) Vol. 53; no. 96; pp. 12857 - 12877 |
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| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
England
Royal Society of Chemistry
2017
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Summary: | Two-photon excitation has attracted the attention of biologists, especially after the development of two-photon excited microscopy in the nineties. Since then, new applications have rapidly emerged such as the release of biologically active molecules and photodynamic therapy (PDT) using two-photon excitation. PDT, which requires a light-activated drug (photosensitiser), is a clinically approved and minimally invasive treatment for cancer and for non-malignant diseases. This feature article focuses on the engineering of molecular two-photon photosensitisers for PDT, which should bring important benefits to the treatment, increase the treatment penetration depth with near-infrared light excitation, improve the spatial selectivity and reduce the photodamage to healthy tissues. After an overview of the two-photon absorption phenomenon and the methods to evaluate two-photon induced phototoxicity on cell cultures, the different classes of photosensitisers described in the literature are discussed. The two-photon PDT performed with historical one-photon sensitisers are briefly presented, followed by specifically engineered cyclic tetrapyrrole photosensitisers, purely organic photosensitisers and transition metal complexes. Finally, targeted two-photon photosensitisers and theranostic agents that should enhance the selectivity and efficiency of the treatment are discussed.
With the recent development of clinical two-photon microscopes or endoscopes, new photosensitisers for two-photon photodynamic therapy are the subject of increasing interest. Herein, we review the advances within the ten last years of molecular two-photon photosensitisers. |
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| Bibliography: | Frédéric Bolze received his PhD at the University of Burgundy (France) and the University of Sherbrooke (Canada) under the direction of Roger Guilard and Pierre D. Harvey in 2001. After graduation, he began a postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Texas at Austin under the supervision of Jonathan L. Sessler. In 2002 he started a faculty Position at The University of Strasbourg, where he is now associate professor, in the group of Jean-François Nicoud. He worked on molecular engineering of fluorophores and harmonophores for non-linear microscopy, photolabile protecting groups for two-photon uncaging and photosensitizers for two-photon photodynamic therapy. Sébastien Jenni is currently a PhD student under the supervision of Prof. Valérie Heitz and Dr Angélique Sour in the "Laboratoire de Synthèse des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels (LSAMM)" at the University of Strasbourg (France). He obtained his BSc in Chemistry in 2012 and MSc degree in Chemistry-Biology in 2014 at the University of Strasbourg. He is currently working on two-photon photosensitizer combined to MRI contrast agents for theranostic applications or to targeting moieties to improve selectivity and delivery. His main interests are focused on chemical biology and therapeutic applications. Valérie Heitz is a Professor of Chemistry at the University of Strasbourg. She received her PhD in 1992 with Dr Jean-Pierre Sauvage and after a postdoc with Prof. Harriman (Austin), she was appointed assistant professor at the University of Strasbourg. She was then involved, in the group of J.-P. Sauvage, in many projects involving catenanes and rotaxanes for artificial photosynthesis and molecular machines. Since 2010, she is the head of the Laboratoire de Synthèse des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels and her main interests concern the design of supramolecular systems, functional cages and also molecular systems for theranostic applications. Angélique Sour received her PhD degree from the University of Strasbourg (France) under the direction of Jean-Pierre Sauvage in 1994. After a post-doctoral research in the group of Pr. George Newkome (University of South Florida, USA), she joined the French national center for scientific research (CNRS) in 1996. She worked in different research fields in coordination chemistry including electron and energy transfer in transition-metal complexes, spin crossover in iron complexes and copper-based molecular machines. She joined the group of Pr. V. Heitz in 2010. Her current interests are focused on the design and development of gadolinium-based MRI contrast agents and porphyrin-based PDT photosensitizers. ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23 |
| ISSN: | 1359-7345 1364-548X 1364-548X |
| DOI: | 10.1039/c7cc06133a |