Effects of clomiphene citrate on the endometrium of regularly cycling women

• Published in: Fertility and sterility Vol. 73; no. 2; pp. 287 - 291
• Main Authors: Sereepapong, Wisan, Suwajanakorn, Somchai, Triratanachat, Surang, Sampatanukul, Pichet, Pruksananonda, Kamthorn, Boonkasemsanti, Wisut, Reinprayoon, Damrong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY Elsevier Inc 01.02.2000; Elsevier Science
• Subjects: Adult; Biological and medical sciences; Clomiphene - pharmacology; Clomiphene citrate; endometrium; Endometrium - anatomy & histology; Endometrium - cytology; Endometrium - drug effects; Estrogen Antagonists - pharmacology; Female; Genital system. Reproduction; Humans; Medical sciences; Menstrual Cycle - drug effects; morphometric analysis; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Prospective Studies; Reference Values; endometrium; morphometric analysis; Clomiphene citrate; Human; Non steroidal estrogen; Ovulation inducer; Menstrual cycle; Estrogen; Histology; Clomifene; Estradiol; Ovulation; Ovarian hormone; Uterus; Female genital system; Female; Progesterone; Sex steroid hormone; Morphometry; Endometrium
• ISSN: 0015-0282; 1556-5653
• DOI: 10.1016/S0015-0282(99)00509-9

Objective: To study the effects of clomiphene citrate (CC) on the endometrium of regularly cycling women. Design: Prospective, controlled study. Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. Patient(s): Thirty healthy, regularly cycling, female volunteers. Intervention(s): All volunteers were studied for two consecutive cycles, one control cycle and one CC-treated cycle. Clomiphene citrate (100 mg/d) was given on days 3–7 of the CC-treated cycles. Ultrasonography was performed daily to assess ovulation. Ultrasonography and endometrial biopsy were performed, and blood samples were obtained for determination of E 2 and progesterone levels 7 days after ovulation in both the control and CC-treated cycles. Main Outcome Measure(s): Histologic dating, morphometric analysis, and ultrasonographic appearance and thickness of the endometrium. Result(s): Histologic dating and ultrasonographic appearance and thickness of the endometrium were similar in the control and CC-treated cycles, but morphometric parameters were different. The number of glands per square millimeter and the mean diameter of the glands were lower in the CC-treated cycles than in the control cycles, but the number of vacuolated cells per 1,000 glandular cells was higher. Conclusion(s): Clomiphene citrate has effects on the endometrium of regularly cycling women, as demonstrated by a reduction in glandular density and an increase in the number of vacuolated cells.