Tumors of the Digestive System: Comprehensive Review of Ancillary Testing and Biomarkers in the Era of Precision Medicine

Immunotherapy has remained at the vanguard of promising cancer therapeutic regimens due to its exceptionally high specificity for tumor cells and potential for significantly improved treatment-associated quality of life compared to other therapeutic approaches such as surgery and chemoradiation. Thi...

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Published inCurrent oncology (Toronto) Vol. 30; no. 2; pp. 2388 - 2404
Main Authors Molnar, Attila, Monroe, Hunter, Basri Aydin, Hasan, Arslan, Mustafa Erdem, Lightle, Andrea, Lee, Hwajeong, El Jabbour, Tony
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 01.02.2023
MDPI
Subjects
Antigens
Biological markers
Biomarkers, Tumor - genetics
Cancer
Care and treatment
colorectal tumors
digestive system cancer
Digestive System Neoplasms
esophageal tumors
gastric tumors
Health aspects
hepatobiliary tumors
Humans
Immunotherapy
Mutation
pancreatic tumors
Precision Medicine
Quality of Life
Review
ancillary tests
gastric tumors
biomarkers
immunotherapy
digestive system cancer
hepatobiliary tumors
pancreatic tumors
colorectal tumors
esophageal tumors
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Summary:Immunotherapy has remained at the vanguard of promising cancer therapeutic regimens due to its exceptionally high specificity for tumor cells and potential for significantly improved treatment-associated quality of life compared to other therapeutic approaches such as surgery and chemoradiation. This is especially true in the digestive system, where high rates of mutation give rise to a host of targetable tumor-specific antigens. Many patients, however, do not exhibit measurable improvements under immunotherapy due to intrinsic or acquired resistance, making predictive biomarkers necessary to determine which patients will benefit from this line of treatment. Many of these biomarkers are assessed empirically by pathologists according to nuanced scoring criteria and algorithms. This review serves to inform clinicians and pathologists of extant and promising upcoming biomarkers predictive of immunotherapeutic efficacy among digestive system malignancies and the ancillary testing required for interpretation by pathologists according to tumor site of origin.
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These authors contributed equally to this work.
ISSN:1718-7729
1198-0052
1718-7729
DOI:10.3390/curroncol30020182