Assessing Monkeypox Virus Prevalence in Small Mammals at the Human-Animal Interface in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

• Published in: Viruses Vol. 9; no. 10; p. 283
• Main Authors: Doty, Jeffrey B, Malekani, Jean M, Kalemba, Lem's N, Stanley, William T, Monroe, Benjamin P, Nakazawa, Yoshinori U, Mauldin, Matthew R, Bakambana, Trésor L, Liyandja Dja Liyandja, Tobit, Braden, Zachary H, Wallace, Ryan M, Malekani, Divin V, McCollum, Andrea M, Gallardo-Romero, Nadia, Kondas, Ashley, Peterson, A Townsend, Osorio, Jorge E, Rocke, Tonie E, Karem, Kevin L, Emerson, Ginny L, Carroll, Darin S
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 03.10.2017; MDPI
• Subjects: Animals; Animals, Wild - virology; Antibodies; Antibodies, Viral - blood; Democratic Republic of the Congo - epidemiology; Disease control; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; habitat analysis; Humans; human–animal interface; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin G - blood; Immunoglobulins; Infections; Investigations; Mammals - virology; Monkeypox; Monkeypox virus - genetics; Monkeypox virus - immunology; Monkeypox virus - isolation & purification; Monkeypox virus - pathogenicity; Mpox (monkeypox) - epidemiology; Mpox (monkeypox) - transmission; Mpox (monkeypox) - veterinary; Mpox (monkeypox) - virology; orthopoxviruses; Phylogenetics; Poxviridae Infections - epidemiology; Poxviridae Infections - immunology; Poxviridae Infections - veterinary; Poxviridae Infections - virology; Prevalence; Primates; Protein sources; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Risk Factors; Rodentia; Sciuridae - virology; serology; Shrews - virology; Small mammals; Smallpox; Soricidae; Towns; Vegetation; Viral infections; Viruses; wildlife; Zoonoses; human–animal interface; habitat analysis; orthopoxviruses; monkeypox; serology; small mammals; wildlife
• ISSN: 1999-4915; 1999-4915
• DOI: 10.3390/v9100283

During 2012, 2013 and 2015, we collected small mammals within 25 km of the town of Boende in Tshuapa Province, the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The prevalence of monkeypox virus (MPXV) in this area is unknown; however, cases of human infection were previously confirmed near these collection sites. Samples were collected from 353 mammals (rodents, shrews, pangolins, elephant shrews, a potamogale, and a hyrax). Some rodents and shrews were captured from houses where human monkeypox cases have recently been identified, but most were trapped in forests and agricultural areas near villages. Real-time PCR and ELISA were used to assess evidence of MPXV infection and other (OPXV) infections in these small mammals. Seven (2.0%) of these animal samples were found to be anti-orthopoxvirus immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody positive (six rodents: two spp.; one ; one ; one sp.; one , and one elephant shrew ); no individuals were found positive in PCR-based assays. These results suggest that a variety of animals can be infected with OPXVs, and that epidemiology studies and educational campaigns should focus on animals that people are regularly contacting, including larger rodents used as protein sources.