Insufficient sensitivity of joint aspiration during the two-stage exchange of the hip with spacers

• Published in: Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research Vol. 13; no. 1; p. 7
• Main Authors: Boelch, Sebastian Philipp, Weissenberger, Manuel, Spohn, Frederik, Rudert, Maximilian, Luedemann, Martin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 10.01.2018; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip - instrumentation; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip - methods; Artificial hip joints; Bacteria - isolation & purification; Bacterial Infections - diagnosis; Bacterial Infections - surgery; Biomarkers - blood; Blood Sedimentation; C-Reactive Protein - metabolism; Female; Fractures; Hip; Hip joint; Hip Prosthesis - adverse effects; Humans; Joint aspiration; Leukocyte Count; Male; Middle Aged; Paracentesis; Periprosthetic infection; Physiological aspects; Prosthesis-Related Infections - diagnosis; Prosthesis-Related Infections - surgery; Reoperation - methods; Retrospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity; Spacer; Synovial Fluid - cytology; Synovial Fluid - microbiology; Two-stage exchange; Germany; Joint aspiration; Two-stage exchange; Spacer; Hip; Periprosthetic infection
• ISSN: 1749-799X; 1749-799X
• DOI: 10.1186/s13018-017-0703-z

Evaluation of infection persistence during the two-stage exchange of the hip is challenging. Joint aspiration before reconstruction is supposed to rule out infection persistence. Sensitivity and specificity of synovial fluid culture and synovial leucocyte count for detecting infection persistence during the two-stage exchange of the hip were evaluated. Ninety-two aspirations before planned joint reconstruction during the two-stage exchange with spacers of the hip were retrospectively analyzed. The sensitivity and specificity of synovial fluid culture was 4.6 and 94.3%. The sensitivity and specificity of synovial leucocyte count at a cut-off value of 2000 cells/μl was 25.0 and 96.9%. C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) values were significantly higher before prosthesis removal and reconstruction or spacer exchange (p = 0.00; p = 0.013 and p = 0.039; p = 0.002) in the infection persistence group. Receiver operating characteristic area under the curve values before prosthesis removal and reconstruction or spacer exchange for ESR were lower (0.516 and 0.635) than for CRP (0.720 and 0.671). Synovial fluid culture and leucocyte count cannot rule out infection persistence during the two-stage exchange of the hip.