Small Dense LDL-Cholesterol Relative to LDL-Cholesterol is a Strong Independent Determinant of Hypoadiponectinemia in Metabolic Syndrome

• Published in: Circulation Journal Vol. 72; no. 6; pp. 932 - 939
• Main Authors: Satoh, Noriko, Wada, Hiromichi, Ono, Koh, Yamakage, Hajime, Yamada, Kazunori, Nakano, Tameo, Hattori, Masakazu, Shimatsu, Akira, Kuzuya, Hideshi, Hasegawa, Koji
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Japan The Japanese Circulation Society 2008
• Subjects: Adiponectin - blood; Asian Continental Ancestry Group - statistics & numerical data; Cholesterol, LDL - blood; Cholesterol, LDL - chemistry; Female; Humans; Japan - epidemiology; Life Style; Lifestyle; Lipoproteins; Male; Metabolic syndrome; Metabolic Syndrome - epidemiology; Metabolic Syndrome - metabolism; Middle Aged; Molecular Weight; Obesity; Obesity - epidemiology; Obesity - metabolism; Risk Factors; Weight Loss
• ISSN: 1346-9843; 1347-4820
• DOI: 10.1253/circj.72.932

Background Small dense low-density lipoprotein (sd-LDL) is an atherogenic lipoprotein closely associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, a precise analysis of the actual amount of sd-LDL-cholesterol (sd-LDL-C) in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) has not been performed. Methods and Results Among 214 patients enrolled in the present study, 101 patients (47%) met the Japanese MS criteria. The serum levels of sd-LDL-C determined with a dual detection HPLC system were higher in MS than non-MS patients, while total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) were similar between MS and non-MS patients. Compared with the sd-LDL-C and LDL-C level, the ratio sd-LDL-C/LDL-C was more closely correlated with various parameters associated with MS. A multivariate regression analysis revealed that the ratio sd-LDL-C/LDL-C is the strongest independent determinant of hypoadiponectinemia. Furthermore, weight reduction therapy through diet and exercise rapidly decreased LDL-C but slowly decreased sd-LDL-C. At 12 months after the therapy, weight reduction led to a significant decrease in the ratio sd-LDL-C/LDL-C in tandem with increasing adiponectin levels. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that the ratio sd-LDL-C/LDL-C is tightly connected with hypoadiponectinemia and provides a useful clinical indicator for MS. The results also suggest that the elevation of this ratio can be modulated by long-term lifestyle changes. (Circ J 2008; 72: 932 - 939)