Obesity: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutics

Obesity is a complex multifactorial disease that accumulated excess body fat leads to negative effects on health. Obesity continues to accelerate resulting in an unprecedented epidemic that shows no significant signs of slowing down any time soon. Raised body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for no...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inFrontiers in endocrinology (Lausanne) Vol. 12; p. 706978
Main Authors Lin, Xihua, Li, Hong
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 06.09.2021
Subjects
Adipose Tissue
Animals
Body Mass Index
Body Weight
Endocrinology
Energy Intake
epidemiology
epigenetics
genetics
Humans
microenvironment
obesity
Obesity - epidemiology
Obesity - physiopathology
Obesity - therapy
pathophysiology
Risk Factors
microenvironment
epidemiology
genetics
epigenetics
obesity
pathophysiology
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Summary:Obesity is a complex multifactorial disease that accumulated excess body fat leads to negative effects on health. Obesity continues to accelerate resulting in an unprecedented epidemic that shows no significant signs of slowing down any time soon. Raised body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and musculoskeletal disorders, resulting in dramatic decrease of life quality and expectancy. The main cause of obesity is long-term energy imbalance between consumed calories and expended calories. Here, we explore the biological mechanisms of obesity with the aim of providing actionable treatment strategies to achieve a healthy body weight from nature to nurture. This review summarizes the global trends in obesity with a special focus on the pathogenesis of obesity from genetic factors to epigenetic factors, from social environmental factors to microenvironment factors. Against this background, we discuss several possible intervention strategies to minimize BMI.
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Edited by: Claire Joanne Stocker, Aston University, United Kingdom
Reviewed by: Edward Wargent, University of Buckingham, United Kingdom; Salvador Camacho, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Switzerland
This article was submitted to Obesity, a section of the journal Frontiers in Endocrinology
ISSN:1664-2392
1664-2392
DOI:10.3389/fendo.2021.706978