Leachate emissions of short- and long-chain per- and polyfluoralkyl substances (PFASs) from various Norwegian landfills
Restrictions on the use of long-chain per- and polyfluoralkyl substances (PFASs) has led to substitutions with short-chain PFASs. This study investigated the presence of four short-chain PFASs and twenty-four long-chain PFASs in leachate and sediment from ten Norwegian landfills, including one site...
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Published in | Environmental science--processes & impacts Vol. 21; no. 11; pp. 197 - 1979 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
England
Royal Society of Chemistry
01.11.2019
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Restrictions on the use of long-chain per- and polyfluoralkyl substances (PFASs) has led to substitutions with short-chain PFASs. This study investigated the presence of four short-chain PFASs and twenty-four long-chain PFASs in leachate and sediment from ten Norwegian landfills, including one site in Svalbard, to assess whether short-chain PFASs are more dominant in leachate. PFASs were detected in all sites. Short-chain PFASs were major contributors to the total PFAS leachate concentrations in six of ten landfills, though not in Svalbard. In sediment, long-chain PFASs such as perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and PFOS-precursors were dominant. Short-chain PFAS leachate concentrations ranged from 68 to 6800 ng L
−1
(mean: 980 ± 1800; median: 360 ng L
−1
), whereas long-chain concentrations ranged from 140 to 2900 ng L
−1
(mean: 530 ± 730; median: 290 ng L
−1
). Sediment concentrations, which contained mainly long-chain PFASs, ranged from 8.5 to 120 μg kg
−1
(mean: 47 ± 36; median: 41 μg kg
−1
). National
release from Norwegian landfills to the environment was estimated to be 17 ± 29 kg per year (median: 6.3 kg per year), which is in the same range as national emissions from the US, China and Germany after normalizing the data to a per capita emission factor (3.2 ± 5.5 mg per person per year). Results from this study are compared with previous and current studies in other countries, indicating a general trend that short-chain PFASs are dominating over long-chain PFASs in landfill leachate emissions.
Restrictions on the use of long-chain per- and polyfluoralkyl substances (PFASs) has led to substitutions with short-chain PFASs. |
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Bibliography: | 10.1039/c9em00170k Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 |
ISSN: | 2050-7887 2050-7895 2050-7895 |
DOI: | 10.1039/c9em00170k |