Magnetically Actuated Biodegradable Nanorobots for Active Immunotherapy

• Published in: Advanced science Vol. 10; no. 25; pp. e2300540 - n/a
• Main Authors: Ye, Yicheng, Tian, Hao, Jiang, Jiamiao, Huang, Weichang, Zhang, Ruotian, Li, Huaan, Liu, Lu, Gao, Junbin, Tan, Haixin, Liu, Meihuan, Peng, Fei, Tu, Yingfeng
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Germany John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.09.2023; John Wiley and Sons Inc; Wiley
• Subjects: antigen cross‐presentation; Antigen Presentation; Antigens; biodegradable robots; Cancer therapies; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Immune system; Immunotherapy; Immunotherapy, Active; magnetic actuation; Magnetic fields; Melanoma; Neoplasms - therapy; Robots; Spectrum analysis; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic; Tumor Microenvironment; Ultrasonic imaging; Vaccines; biodegradable robots; magnetic actuation; melanoma; antigen cross-presentation; immunotherapy
• ISSN: 2198-3844; 2198-3844
• DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300540

An efficient and cost‐effective therapeutic vaccine is highly desirable for the prevention and treatment of cancer, which helps to strengthen the immune system and activate the T cell immune response. However, initiating such an adaptive immune response efficiently remains challenging, especially the deficient antigen presentation by dendritic cells (DCs) in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Herein, an efficient and dynamic antigen delivery system based on the magnetically actuated OVA‐CaCO3‐SPIO robots (OCS‐robots) is rationally designed for active immunotherapy. Taking advantage of the unique dynamic features, the developed OCS‐robots achieve controllable motion capability under the rotating magnetic field. Specifically, with the active motion, the acid‐responsiveness of OCS‐robots is beneficial for the tumor acidity attenuating and lysosome escape as well as the subsequent antigen cross‐presentation of DCs. Furthermore, the dynamic OCS‐robots boost the crosstalk between the DCs and antigens, which displays prominent tumor immunotherapy effect on melanoma through cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Such a strategy of dynamic vaccine delivery system enables the active activation of immune system based on the magnetically actuated OCS‐robots, which presents a plausible paradigm for incredibly efficient cancer immunotherapy by designing multifunctional and novel robot platforms in the future. Magnetically actuated biodegradable CaCO3‐based nanorobots are able to improve the crosstalk between antigens and DCs, followed by efficient lysosome escape and antigen cross‐presentation of DCs. This work presents a facial and multifunctional smart robot platform for efficient cancer therapy with immunomodulation‐enhanced antitumor immunity, which represents an outstanding therapeutic strategy for tumor immunotherapy.