ASCL1 and NEUROD1 Reveal Heterogeneity in Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumors and Regulate Distinct Genetic Programs

• Published in: Cell reports (Cambridge) Vol. 16; no. 5; pp. 1259 - 1272
• Main Authors: Borromeo, Mark D., Savage, Trisha K., Kollipara, Rahul K., He, Min, Augustyn, Alexander, Osborne, Jihan K., Girard, Luc, Minna, John D., Gazdar, Adi F., Cobb, Melanie H., Johnson, Jane E.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 02.08.2016; Elsevier
• Subjects: Animals; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors - metabolism; Cell Line, Tumor; Female; Gene Expression - genetics; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic - genetics; Humans; Lung Neoplasms - genetics; Lung Neoplasms - metabolism; Male; Mice; Neuroendocrine Cells - metabolism; Neuroendocrine Tumors - genetics; Neuroendocrine Tumors - metabolism; Oncogenes - genetics; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc - genetics; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc - metabolism; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma - genetics; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma - metabolism; Transcription Factors - genetics; Transcription Factors - metabolism
• ISSN: 2211-1247; 2211-1247
• DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.06.081

Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is a high-grade pulmonary neuroendocrine tumor. The transcription factors ASCL1 and NEUROD1 play crucial roles in promoting malignant behavior and survival of human SCLC cell lines. Here, we find that ASCL1 and NEUROD1 identify heterogeneity in SCLC, bind distinct genomic loci, and regulate mostly distinct genes. ASCL1, but not NEUROD1, is present in mouse pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, and only ASCL1 is required in vivo for tumor formation in mouse models of SCLC. ASCL1 targets oncogenic genes including MYCL1, RET, SOX2, and NFIB while NEUROD1 targets MYC. ASCL1 and NEUROD1 regulate different genes that commonly contribute to neuronal function. ASCL1 also regulates multiple genes in the NOTCH pathway including DLL3. Together, ASCL1 and NEUROD1 distinguish heterogeneity in SCLC with distinct genomic landscapes and distinct gene expression programs. [Display omitted] •Heterogeneity in neuroendocrine lung cancer (SCLC) is revealed by ASCL1 and NEUROD1•In vivo requirement for ASCL1 exists in SCLC tumor formation•ASCL1 directly regulates known oncogenes in SCLC•Current SCLC mouse models reflect a ASCL1High; NEUROD1Low subtype Borromeo et al. reveal heterogeneity in neuroendocrine lung cancers (SCLC) through the lineage-specific transcription factors ASCL1 and NEUROD1. These related factors regulate largely distinct gene programs and differentially regulate key oncogenes in SCLC. ASCL1, but not NEUROD1, is required for tumor formation in current mouse models of SCLC.