Analysis of Expressed Sequence Tags from the Marine Microalga Pseudochattonella farcimen (Dictyochophyceae)

• Published in: Protist Vol. 163; no. 1; pp. 143 - 161
• Main Authors: Dittami, Simon M., Riisberg, Ingvild, John, Uwe, Orr, Russell J.S., Jakobsen, Kjetill S., Edvardsen, Bente
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Germany Elsevier GmbH 01.01.2012
• Subjects: cell communication; coastal water; Dictyochophyceae; Eukaryota - classification; Eukaryota - genetics; Eukaryota - metabolism; Eutrophication; Expressed Sequence Tags; fatty acid composition; fatty acid desaturases; fatty acid metabolism; fatty acids; genes; Haptophyta; Harmful algae; Heterokonta; heterokonts; horizontal gene transfer; horizontal gene transfer (HGT); mannitol; mannitol metabolism; microalgae; Microalgae - classification; Microalgae - genetics; Microalgae - metabolism; Molecular Sequence Data; mortality; Phaeophycophyta; phospholipase A2; Phylogeny; polyketide synthases; polyketide synthases (PKS); Proteins - genetics; Proteins - metabolism; Seawater; sequence analysis; Harmful algae; polyketide synthases (PKS); horizontal gene transfer (HGT); mannitol metabolism; fatty acid desaturases; heterokonts
• ISSN: 1434-4610; 1618-0941
• DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2011.07.004

Pseudochattonella farcimen (Eikrem, Edvardsen, et Throndsen) is a unicellular alga belonging to the Dictyochophyceae (Heterokonta). It forms recurring blooms in Scandinavian coastal waters, and has been associated to fish mortality. Here we report the sequencing and analysis of 10,368 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) corresponding to 8,149 unique gene models from this species. Compared to EST libraries from other heterokonts, P. farcimen contains a high number of genes with functions related to cell communication and signaling. We found several genes encoding proteins related to fatty acid metabolism, including eight fatty acid desaturases and two phospholipase A2 genes. Three desaturases are highly similar to Δ4-desaturases from haptophytes. P. farcimen also possesses three putative polyketide synthases (PKSs), belonging to two different families. Some of these genes may have been acquired via horizontal gene transfer by a common ancestor of brown algae and dictyochophytes, together with genes involved in mannitol metabolism, which are also present in P. farcimen. Our findings may explain the unusual fatty acid profile previously observed in P. farcimen, and are discussed from an evolutionary perspective and in relation to the ichthyotoxicity of this alga.