Gastrointestinal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic review

• Published in: Journal of translational autoimmunity (Online) Vol. 4; p. 100106
• Main Authors: Frittoli, Renan Bazuco, Vivaldo, Jéssica Fernandes, Costallat, Lilian Tereza Lavras, Appenzeller, Simone
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.01.2021; Elsevier
• Subjects: Acalculous cholecistytis; Ascites; Enteritis; Gastrointestinal manifestations; Pancreatitis; Protein loosing enteritis; Review article; Vasculitis and Diarrhea; Acalculous cholecistytis; Pancreatitis; Vasculitis and Diarrhea; Enteritis; Ascites; Protein loosing enteritis; Gastrointestinal manifestations
• ISSN: 2589-9090; 2589-9090
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2021.100106

Gastrointestinal involvement is a common complain observed in 40–60% of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. We performed a systematic review of clinically severe and potential life-threatening gastrointestinal manifestations and discuss clinical presentation, pathogenesis and treatment. We performed a literature search in English literature using PubMed and Embase from 2000 to December 2020. The following MeSH terms: systemic lupus erythematosus, protein-losing enteropathy, ascites, pancreatitis, vasculitis, intestinal vasculitis, enteritis and diarrhea published in the English literature. We identified 141 studies (case reports, case series and cohort studies). The most frequent presenting symptoms are acute abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Many of the manifestations were associated with disease activity. Histological features are rarely available, but both vasculitis and thrombosis have been described. There is no treatment guideline. The majority of patients were treated with corticosteroids and the most common immunososupressant were azathioprine, cyclophosphamide and mycophenolate. Vasculitis and thrombosis may be responsible for severe life-threatening manifestations such as pancreatitis, protein loosing gastroenteritis, acalculous cholecistyitis and enteritis. •Severe Gastrointestinal manifestations are rare, however potential life threatening.•Vasculitis and thrombosis are the most frequent pathological mechanism described.•Cohort studies with analysis of genetic risk factors and the role of autoantibodies could improve diagnosis and prognosis.