SEVERE PERTUSSIS IN CHILDHOOD: UPDATE AND CONTROVERSY - SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

• Published in: Revista Paulista de Pediatria Vol. 37; no. 3; pp. 351 - 362
• Main Authors: Machado, Márcia Borges, Passos, Saulo Duarte
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Brazil Sociedade de Pediatria de São Paulo 01.09.2019
• Subjects: Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use; Antitussives agents; Child, Preschool; Combined Modality Therapy; Decision making; Global Health - statistics & numerical data; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Leukocytosis; Macrolides; pertussis; Review; Severity of Illness Index; Whooping cough; Whooping Cough - diagnosis; Whooping Cough - epidemiology; Whooping Cough - therapy
• ISSN: 0103-0582; 1984-0462; 1984-0462
• DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/;2019;37;3;00006

Through a systematic review, this essay aimed at revising the concepts of severe pertussis, updating the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, antibiotic therapy and auxiliary therapeutic options for symptomatology and complications. This review considered publications from the last 30years in the databases US National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Cochrane, Google Scholar, as well as protocols of the Ministry of Health and recommendations of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, related to childhood pertussis (whooping cough), with emphasis on its severe form. This research was based on keywords derived from the terms "pertussis", "azithromycin", "antitussives", "leukocyte reduction" in Portuguese and English. Duplicate studies and those with unavailable full-text were excluded. Among 556 records found, 54 were selected for analysis. Pertussis, as a reemerging disease, has affected all age groups, evidencing the transient immunity conferred by infection and vaccination. Severe cases occur in neonates and infants, with secondary viral and bacterial complications and malignant pertussis, a longside hyperleukocytosis, respiratory failure and shock. Macrolides continue to be the chosen antibiotics, while antitussives for coughing remain without efficacy. The prompt treatment in Intensive Care Units improved the prognostic in severe cases, and transfusion was promising among procedures for leukoreduction. Approaching severe pertussis in childhood remains a challenge for diagnostic and therapy, as the available therapeutic options are still unsatisfactory. Strategies of prevention are expected to reduce the occurrence of severe cases, while new studies should confirm the role of auxiliary therapies.