Cardiovascular, electrodermal, and respiratory response patterns to fear- and sadness-inducing films

Responses to fear‐ and sadness‐inducing films were assessed using a broad range of cardiovascular (heart rate, T‐wave amplitude, low‐ and high‐frequency heart rate variability, stroke volume, preejection period, left‐ventricular ejection time, Heather index, blood pressure, pulse amplitude and trans...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inPsychophysiology Vol. 44; no. 5; pp. 787 - 806
Main Authors Kreibig, Sylvia D., Wilhelm, Frank H., Roth, Walton T., Gross, James J.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Malden, USA Blackwell Publishing Inc 01.09.2007
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Subjects
Adult
Anatomy & physiology
Autonomic nervous system
Blood Pressure - physiology
Body Temperature - physiology
Carbon Dioxide - blood
Cardiography, Impedance
Cardiovascular system
Emotion
Emotions
Emotions - physiology
Facial Expression
Fear - physiology
Fear - psychology
Female
Galvanic Skin Response - physiology
Heart Rate - physiology
Humans
Male
Motion Pictures
Neurosciences
Physiological patterns
Psychology
Respiration
Respiratory Mechanics - physiology
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Summary:Responses to fear‐ and sadness‐inducing films were assessed using a broad range of cardiovascular (heart rate, T‐wave amplitude, low‐ and high‐frequency heart rate variability, stroke volume, preejection period, left‐ventricular ejection time, Heather index, blood pressure, pulse amplitude and transit time, and finger temperature), electrodermal (level, response rate, and response amplitude), and respiratory (rate, tidal volume and its variability, inspiratory flow rate, duty cycle, and end‐tidal pCO2) measures. Subjective emotional experience and facial behavior (Corrugator Supercilii and Zygomaticus Major EMG) served as control measures. Results indicated robust differential physiological response patterns for fear, sadness, and neutral (mean classification accuracy 85%). Findings are discussed in terms of the fight–flight and conservation–withdrawal responses and possible limitations of a valence‐arousal categorization of emotion in affective space.
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This research was conducted by S. Kreibig in part in fulfillment of her requirements for a German diploma in psychology. It was supported by a grant from Merck & Company, by the Department of Veterans Affairs, the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant 105311‐105850), and the Basel Scientific Society (F. Wilhelm), and NIMH grants MH58147 and MH66957 to J. Gross. The write‐up of these data was accomplished while the first author was a Visiting Scholar at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India, supported by a Heinz‐Dürr Scholarship of the Carl‐Zeiss Foundation. Portions of these data were presented at annual meetings of the Society for Psychophysiological Research (October 2004, September 2005). The authors thank Gerhard Stemmler for his help on the statistical analyses and an anonymous reviewer for comments on previous versions of this article.
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ISSN:0048-5772
1469-8986
1540-5958
DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2007.00550.x