CLINICAL AND LABORATORY CHARACTERISTICS OF SARS-COV-2 INFECTION IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

• Published in: Revista Paulista de Pediatria Vol. 39; p. e2020231
• Main Authors: Martins, Marlos Melo, Prata-Barbosa, Arnaldo, Magalhães-Barbosa, Maria Clara de, Cunha, Antonio José Ledo Alves da
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Brazil Sociedade de Pediatria de São Paulo 01.01.2021
• Subjects: Adolescent; Betacoronavirus; Child; Clinical Laboratory Techniques - methods; Coronavirus Infections - diagnosis; COVID-19; COVID-19 Testing; False Negative Reactions; False Positive Reactions; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral - diagnosis; Review; SARS-CoV-2; Severity of Illness Index
• ISSN: 0103-0582; 1984-0462
• DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2021/39/2020231

To present the current evidence on clinical and laboratory characteristics of infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during childhood and adolescence. This is a narrative review conducted in the databases: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE/PubMed), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature in the Virtual Health Library (LILACS/VHL), Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, portal of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), ScienceDirect, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). The terms used were SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, novel coronavirus, child, newborn, and adolescent. Unlike adults, most children infected by SARS-CoV-2 have mild or asymptomatic clinical presentations. Symptomatic children mainly have low fever and cough, with some associated gastrointestinal symptoms. Severe cases are rare and occur especially in infants under one year of age. Detection of viral particles in feces seems to be more persistent in children and can be used as a tool for diagnosis and control of the quarantine period. Different from adults, children can present distinct inflammatory responses, as has happened in new cases of Kawasaki-like syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Most children have asymptomatic or mild presentations, with a prevalence of fever, cough, and gastrointestinal symptoms. New cases with different systemic inflammatory reactions in children have been reported, with clinical manifestations distinct from those typically found in adults.