Exosomes and Stem Cells in Degenerative Disease Diagnosis and Therapy

Stroke can cause death and disability, resulting in a huge burden on society. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor dysfunction. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage destruction and osteophyte for...

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Published inCell Transplantation Vol. 27; no. 3; pp. 349 - 363
Main Authors Chang, Yu-Hsun, Wu, Kung-Chi, Harn, Horng-Jyh, Lin, Shinn-Zong, Ding, Dah-Ching
Format Book Review Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Los Angeles, CA SAGE Publications 01.03.2018
Sage Publications Ltd
SAGE Publishing
Subjects
Animal models
Cartilage diseases
Cell interactions
Clinical aspects
Exosomes
Gene regulation
Inflammation
Joint diseases
Mesenchymal stem cells
Mesenchyme
MicroRNAs
miRNA
Movement disorders
Neurodegenerative diseases
Osteoarthritis
Paracrine signalling
Parkinson's disease
Reviews
Stem cell transplantation
Stem cells
Stroke
miRNA
stroke
osteoarthritis
mesenchymal stem cells
exosomes
Parkinson’s disease
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Summary:Stroke can cause death and disability, resulting in a huge burden on society. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor dysfunction. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage destruction and osteophyte formation in the joints. Stem cell therapy may provide a biological treatment alternative to traditional pharmacological therapy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are preferred because of their differentiation ability and possible derivation from many adult tissues. In addition, the paracrine effects of MSCs play crucial anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive roles in immune cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are vital mediators of cell-to-cell communication. Exosomes contain various molecules such as microRNA (miRNA), which mediates biological functions through gene regulation. Therefore, exosomes carrying miRNA or other molecules can enhance the therapeutic effects of MSC transplantation. MSC-derived exosomes have been investigated in various animal models representing stroke, PD, and OA. Exosomes are a subtype of EVs. This review article focuses on the mechanism and therapeutic potential of MSC-derived exosomes in stroke, PD, and OA in basic and clinical aspects.
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ISSN:0963-6897
1555-3892
DOI:10.1177/0963689717723636