Mycotoxins in Cattle Feed and Feed Ingredients in Brazil: A Five-Year Survey

Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by a variety of fungi, which when ingested can cause several deleterious effects to the health of humans and animals. In this work, the detection and quantification of six major mycotoxins (aflatoxins—AFLA, deoxynivalenol—DON, fumonisins—FUMO, ochr...

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Published inToxins Vol. 14; no. 8; p. 552
Main Authors Biscoto, Gabriela L, Salvato, Lauranne A, Alvarenga, Érika R, Dias, Raul R. S, Pinheiro, Guilherme R. G, Rodrigues, Mariana P, Pinto, Priscila N, Freitas, Rossimiriam P, Keller, Kelly M
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.08.2022
MDPI
Subjects
Aflatoxins
Animals
Cattle
Cattle feeds
co-occurrences
Control
Deoxynivalenol
ELISA
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
feed
Feeds
Food
Food contamination
Food contamination & poisoning
Food safety
Fumonisins
Fungi
Health aspects
Ingredients
Legislation
maize
Metabolites
Methods
Mycotoxins
Nutrition
Ochratoxin A
Safety and security measures
Secondary metabolites
silages
TMR
Toxins
Zearalenone
Brazil
United States > US
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Summary:Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by a variety of fungi, which when ingested can cause several deleterious effects to the health of humans and animals. In this work, the detection and quantification of six major mycotoxins (aflatoxins—AFLA, deoxynivalenol—DON, fumonisins—FUMO, ochratoxin A—OTA, T-2 toxin—T-2 and zearalenone—ZON) in 1749 samples of feed and feed ingredients for cattle, collected in Brazil between 2017 and 2021, was carried out using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In total, 97% of samples were contaminated with at least one mycotoxin, yet, very few samples exceeded the lowest European Union guidance values for cattle, and the estimated daily intake also showed a low risk for the animals. However, co-occurrences were widely observed, as 87% of samples contained two or more mycotoxins at the same time, and the presence of more than one mycotoxin at the same time in feed can lead to interactions. In conclusion, the contamination of feed and feed ingredients for cattle with mycotoxins in Brazil is very common. Hence, the monitoring of these mycotoxins is of significant importance for food safety.
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ISSN:2072-6651
2072-6651
DOI:10.3390/toxins14080552