Conventional vs. Green Extraction Using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents—Differences in the Composition of Soluble Unbound Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity

• Published in: Antioxidants Vol. 11; no. 11; p. 2295
• Main Authors: Martinović, Milica, Krgović, Nemanja, Nešić, Ivana, Žugić, Ana, Tadić, Vanja Milija
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.11.2022; MDPI
• Subjects: Acids; antioxidant tests; Antioxidants; Betaine; Calibration; Chemical properties; Chromatography; Ethanol; Flavonoids; Glycerol; green extraction; Green tea; HPLC; Hydrogen bonds; natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES); Pharmaceuticals; Phenolic compounds; Phenols; Polyphenols; Potassium; Regression analysis; soluble polyphenols; Solvents; Spectrophotometry; Tea; Ultrasonic imaging; ultrasound-assisted extraction; Serbia; United States > US
• ISSN: 2076-3921; 2076-3921
• DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112295

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the use of green solvents, natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES), in comparison with conventional solvents on the extraction of free unbound phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity of extracts of dried bilberry fruit, bilberry leaves and green tea leaves. After preparation of the extracts via ultrasound-assisted extraction using NaDES and conventional solvents (water and ethanol), spectrophotometric determination of total phenolic and flavonoid content, HPLC analysis of extracted polyphenols and antioxidant determination using FRAP, DPPH and ABTS assays were conducted. The results showed that NaDES have a great potential as agents for the extraction of phenolic compounds with potent antioxidant activity; the highest values of phenolic content and antioxidant activity were detected in the samples obtained by extraction using the NaDES combination betaine + urea. The bilberry leaves exhibited the highest flavonoid content among all extracts and turned out to be more active than bilberry fruits, to which they are often just a by-product during processing. The most active extract of all was the betaine-urea green tea leaves extract. Further research into the most active NaDES extracts should be performed.