Antimicrobial compounds produced by Actinomadura sp. AC104 isolated from an Algerian Saharan soil

• Published in: Canadian journal of microbiology Vol. 52; no. 4; pp. 373 - 382
• Main Authors: Badji, B, Zitouni, A, Mathieu, F, Lebrihi, A, Sabaou, N
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Ottawa, Canada NRC Research Press 01.04.2006; National Research Council of Canada; Canadian Science Publishing NRC Research Press
• Subjects: Actinomadura; Actinomycetales; Actinomycetales - genetics; Actinomycetales - metabolism; Actinomycetales - ultrastructure; Algeria; Anti-Bacterial Agents - analysis; Anti-Bacterial Agents - biosynthesis; Anti-Bacterial Agents - chemistry; Anti-Bacterial Agents - metabolism; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; Anti-Infective Agents - chemistry; Anti-Infective Agents - metabolism; Anti-Infective Agents - pharmacology; Antibacterial agents; antibacterial properties; Antibiotics; Antibiotics (antibacterial agents, antifungal agents); Antibiotics, microbial producers, chemotherapic agents, antiseptics, disinfecting agents; Antifungal Agents - chemistry; Antifungal Agents - metabolism; Antifungal Agents - pharmacology; Applied microbiology; aromatic compounds; Bacteria; Biological and medical sciences; Biotechnology; Chemical engineering; Chemical Sciences; Chemicals; Culture Media, Conditioned - chemistry; Deoxyribonucleic acid; Desert Climate; desert soils; DNA; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; fungi; Fungi - drug effects; genes; Gram-negative bacteria; Gram-positive bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria - drug effects; Health. Pharmaceutical industry; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Industrial applications and implications. Economical aspects; isolation; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mass Spectrometry; Methods; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microbiology; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; molecular sequence data; nucleotide sequences; Phylogeny; Production of active biomolecules; ribosomal DNA; ribosomal RNA; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics; soil bacteria; Soil Microbiology; Temperature; Algeria; France; Actinomycetales; Soils; Taxonomy; Bacteria; Nocardiaceae; Actinomycetes; Actinomadura; Antimicrobial agent; Saharan soil; Antimicrobial compounds
• ISSN: 0008-4166; 1480-3275; 1480-3275
• DOI: 10.1139/w05-132

During a search for nonpolyenic antifungal antibiotics, an actinomycete designated AC104 was isolated from a Saharan soil sample by a dilution agar plating method using a chitin - vitamins B medium supplemented with rifampicin. Isolate AC104 presented the morphological and the chemical characteristics of the genus Actinomadura. On the basis of 76 physiological tests and 16S rDNA analysis, this isolate was determined to be quite different from the known species of Actinomadura. It is active against filamentous fungi and both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The production of antibiotic substances was investigated using several culture media. The highest antimicrobial activities were obtained on ISP2 medium. The benzenic extract contained five bioactive spots detected on thin layer chromatography plates. Among these antibiotics, a complex called 104A, which showed the more interesting antifungal activity, was selected and purified by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. This complex is composed of four compounds. Ultraviolet-visible, infrared, mass, and 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies showed that these molecules contain an aromatic ring substituted by aliphatic chains. These compounds differ from the known antibiotics produced by Actinomadura species.Key words: Actinomadura, taxonomy, antimicrobial compounds, Saharan soil.