Same species, different diseases: how and why typhoidal and non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica serovars differ

Human infections by the bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica represent major disease burdens worldwide. This highly ubiquitous species consists of more than 2600 different serovars that can be divided into typhoidal and non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) serovars. Despite their genetic similarity, the...

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Published inFrontiers in microbiology Vol. 5; p. 391
Main Authors Gal-Mor, Ohad, Boyle, Erin C, Grassl, Guntram A
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 04.08.2014
Subjects
enteric fever
Gastroenteritis
Immunology
NTS
Salmonella enterica
salmonellosis
typhoid
Salmonella enterica
enteric fever
NTS
gastroenteritis
salmonellosis
typhoid
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Summary:Human infections by the bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica represent major disease burdens worldwide. This highly ubiquitous species consists of more than 2600 different serovars that can be divided into typhoidal and non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) serovars. Despite their genetic similarity, these two groups elicit very different diseases and distinct immune responses in humans. Comparative analyses of the genomes of multiple Salmonella serovars have begun to explain the basis of the variation in disease manifestations. Recent advances in modeling both enteric fever and intestinal gastroenteritis in mice will facilitate investigation into both the bacterial- and host-mediated mechanisms involved in salmonelloses. Understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms responsible for differences in disease outcome will augment our understanding of Salmonella pathogenesis, host immunity, and the molecular basis of host specificity. This review outlines the differences in epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and the human immune response to typhoidal and NTS infections and summarizes the current thinking on why these differences might exist.
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Edited by: Constantino López-Macías, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico and University of Oxford, UK
This article was submitted to Microbial Immunology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Microbiology.
Reviewed by: Laurel L. Lenz, National Jewish Health, USA; Ranjit Kumar, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
ISSN:1664-302X
1664-302X
DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00391