Triflumizole Induces Developmental Toxicity, Liver Damage, Oxidative Stress, Heat Shock Response, Inflammation, and Lipid Synthesis in Zebrafish

• Published in: Toxics (Basel) Vol. 10; no. 11; p. 698
• Main Authors: Bai, Lina, Shi, Peng, Jia, Kun, Yin, Hua, Xu, Jilin, Yan, Xiaojun, Liao, Kai
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.11.2022; MDPI
• Subjects: Alanine; Alanine transaminase; Aquatic ecosystems; Aquatic environment; Bioengineering; Catalase; Danio rerio; Degeneration; Developmental stages; Edema; Embryos; Environmental aspects; Enzymes; Fertilization; Genes; Growth; Heat shock; Heat shock proteins; heat shock response; Hsp70 protein; Hsp90 protein; IL-1β; Inflammation; Larvae; Lipid peroxidation; lipid synthesis; Lipids; Liver; Metabolism; Methods; Morphology; NF-κB protein; Oxidative stress; Pericardium; Pesticides; Physiological aspects; Superoxide dismutase; Synthesis; Testing; Toxicity; Toxicity testing; triflumizole; Water quality; Yolk sac; Zebra fish; Zebrafish; China; United States > US; Japan
• ISSN: 2305-6304; 2305-6304
• DOI: 10.3390/toxics10110698

Triflumizole (TFZ) toxicity must be investigated in the aquatic environment to understand the potential risks to aquatic species. Accordingly, the adverse effects of TFZ exposure in zebrafish were investigated. Results demonstrate that, after TFZ exposure, the lethal concentration 50 (LC50) in 3 d post-fertilization (dpf) embryos and 6 dpf larvae were 4.872 and 2.580 mg/L, respectively. The development (including pericardium edema, yolk sac retention, and liver degeneration) was apparently affected in 3 dpf embryos. Furthermore, the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in 6 dpf larvae were significantly increased. Additionally, the expression of heat shock response genes (including hsp70, grp78, hsp90, and grp94), inflammatory genes (including p65-nfκb, il-1β, and cox2a), and lipid synthetic genes (including srebp1, fas, acc, and ppar-γ) in 3 dpf embryos was significantly increased, which was also partially observed in the intestinal cell line form Pampus argenteus. Taken together, TFZ could affect the development of zebrafish, accompanied by disturbances of oxidative stress, heat shock response, inflammation, and lipid synthesis. Our findings provide an original insight into the potential risks of TFZ to the aquatic ecosystem.