Removal and Inactivation of Cryptosporidium and Microbial Indicators by a Quaternary Ammonium Chloride (QAC)-Treated Zeolite in Pilot Filters

• Published in: Journal of environmental science and health. Part A, Toxic/hazardous substances & environmental engineering Vol. 41; no. 6; pp. 1201 - 1210
• Main Authors: ABBASZADEGAN, MORTEZA, MONTEIRO, PATRICIA, OUWENS, RUDOLF N., RYU, HODON, ALUM, ABSAR
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Taylor & Francis Group 01.07.2006
• Subjects: Ammonium chlorides; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Antimicrobial capabilities; Bacteriophage PRD1 - drug effects; Bacteriophage PRD1 - isolation & purification; Chlorella vulgaris; Chlorella vulgaris - drug effects; Chlorella vulgaris - isolation & purification; Colony Count, Microbial; Cryptosporidium parvum; Cryptosporidium parvum - drug effects; Cryptosporidium parvum - isolation & purification; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli - drug effects; Escherichia coli - isolation & purification; Filtration; Inactivation; Indicators; Klebsiella; Klebsiella - drug effects; Klebsiella - isolation & purification; Levivirus - drug effects; Levivirus - isolation & purification; Media; Microorganisms; Oocysts - drug effects; Oocysts - isolation & purification; Pilots; QAC-treated Zeolite filter media; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds - pharmacology; Toxic; Waste Disposal, Fluid - methods; Water Purification - methods; Zeolites
• ISSN: 1093-4529; 1532-4117
• DOI: 10.1080/10934520600623091

A set of pilot filters packed with Zeolite filter media treated with a quaternary ammonium chloride (QAC) were evaluated to verify the proof of concept of their combined antimicrobial capabilities. Escherichia coli was removed and inactivated the most (2.83 log), followed by MS-2 (2.75 log), Klebsiella terriena (2.21 log), PRD-1 (1.95 log), Chlorella vulgaris (1.92 log), and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts (1.78 log). Especially, inactivation of C. parvum oocysts (1.19 log) was higher than physical removal (0.54 log). The data suggest that QAC-treated Zeolite in the pilot filters has microbial inactivation capabilities and may have useful applications in other types of filter media.