Aqueous Extract from Leaves of Citrus unshiu Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses in a Mouse Model of Systemic Inflammation

• Published in: Plants (Basel) Vol. 10; no. 8; p. 1708
• Main Authors: Nishi, Kosuke, Ito, Takako, Kadota, Ayumu, Ishida, Momoko, Nishiwaki, Hisashi, Fukuda, Naohiro, Kanamoto, Naoaki, Nagata, Yoko, Sugahara, Takuya
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 19.08.2021; MDPI
• Subjects: Animal models; Anti-inflammatory agents; Cell activation; Chemokines; Citrus fruits; Citrus unshiu; Cytokines; Cytotoxicity; Gene expression; Inflammation; Interleukin 10; Interleukin 6; Kinases; Leaves; lipopolysaccharide; Lipopolysaccharides; Liver; Macrophages; MAP kinase; Metabolic disorders; Metabolic syndrome; Neurodegenerative diseases; NF-κB protein; Nitric oxide; Oral administration; Peritoneum; Phosphorylation; Plant extracts; Proteins; RAW 264.7 cell; Spleen; systemic inflammation model; Tumor necrosis factor-α
• ISSN: 2223-7747; 2223-7747
• DOI: 10.3390/plants10081708

Inflammation is related to various life-threatening diseases including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic syndrome. Because macrophages are prominent inflammatory cells, regulation of macrophage activation is a key issue to control the onset of inflammation-associated diseases. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory activity of Citrus unshiu leaf extract (CLE) and to elucidate the mechanism underlying its anti-inflammatory effect. We found the inhibitory activity of CLE on the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and a chemokine from mouse macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages. The inhibitory activity of CLE was attributed to downregulated JNK, p38 MAPK, and NF-κB signaling pathways, leading to suppressed gene expression of inflammation-associated proteins. Oral administration of CLE significantly decreased the serum level of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNFα and increased that of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation mice. In addition, oral administration of CLE decreased secretion and gene expression of several proinflammatory proteins in the liver and spleen of the model mice. Overall results revealed that C. unshiu leaf is effective to attenuate inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo.