Comparison of analgesic efficacy of oxycodone and morphine in postoperative intravenous patient-controlled analgesia

• Published in: Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica Vol. 42; no. 5; pp. 576 - 580
• Main Authors: Silvasti, M., Rosenberg, P., Seppälä, T., Svartling, N., Pitkänen, M.
• Format: Journal Article Conference Proceeding
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.05.1998; Blackwell
• Subjects: Adult; analgesia; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid - administration & dosage; Analgesics, Opioid - adverse effects; Analgesics, Opioid - blood; Analgesics, Opioid - therapeutic use; Biological and medical sciences; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Incidence; Injections, Intravenous; intravenous opioids; Lumbar Vertebrae - surgery; Male; Mammaplasty; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; morphine; Morphine - administration & dosage; Morphine - adverse effects; Morphine - blood; Morphine - therapeutic use; Morphine Derivatives - blood; morphine-6-glucuronide; Nausea - chemically induced; Neuropharmacology; opioids; oxycodone; Oxycodone - administration & dosage; Oxycodone - adverse effects; Oxycodone - blood; Oxycodone - therapeutic use; pain; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative - prevention & control; patient-controlled analgesia (PCA); Pharmacology. Drug treatments; postoperative; Pruritus - chemically induced; Spinal Fusion; Therapeutic Equivalency; Urinary Retention - chemically induced; Vomiting - chemically induced; Human; Postoperative; Intravenous administration; Oxycodone; Morphine; Opiates; Self administration; Narcotic analgesic; Analgesia; Chemotherapy; Pain; Treatment; Activity concentration relation; Comparative study
• ISSN: 0001-5172; 1399-6576
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1998.tb05169.x

Background: Morphine has been the standard opioid in patient‐controlled analgesia (PCA). Oxycodone, the analgesic potency of which in i.v. administration has been suggested to be slightly greater than that of morphine, has not yet been studied for its efficacy in PCA. Methods: Fifty patients, undergoing a plastic reconstruction of the breast or a major operation of the vertebrae, such as lumbar spinal fusion, used PCA for postoperative pain. Patients were randomized to receive either morphine 45 μg/kg or oxycodone 30 μg/kg as i.v. bolus doses. Patients were assessed for pain with a visual analogue scale (VAS) and side effects at 3, 9 and 24 h. Venous blood samples for the measurement of plasma concentration of oxycodone and that of morphine and its metabolites were taken. Results: In this study patients needed, on average, the same amount of oxycodone and morphine in the recovery room and on the ward. There was no difference in the quality of analgesia (VAS) or incidence of side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, pruritus and urinary retention. The plasma concentrations of morphine‐6‐glucuronide showed that this metabolite might contribute to the analgesia resulting from morphine administration. Conclusions: The same dose of intravenous oxycodone and morphine administered by PCA pump was needed for immediate postoperative analgesia. The two drugs appear to be equipotent.