Green Processing of Black Raspberry Pomace: Application of Sonotrode-Based Extraction Technique and Particles from Gas-Saturated Solutions (PGSS) Technology

• Published in: Foods Vol. 12; no. 20; p. 3867
• Main Authors: Nastić, Nataša, Mutavski, Zorana, Živković, Jelena, Ambrus, Rita, Fernández, Naiara, Menković, Nebojša, Vidović, Senka
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.10.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Amplitudes; Anthocyanin; Anthocyanins; black raspberry pomace; Carbon dioxide; Ellagic acid; Energy consumption; Formulations; Functional foods; Functional foods & nutraceuticals; Gallic acid; Liquid chromatography; Methods; morphology; Particle size; PGSS; Phenolic compounds; Phenols; Production processes; Rutin; Seeds; Solvents; Sonication; Sustainable development; Temperature; UAE; Ultrasonic imaging; United Arab Emirates; France; Serbia; Germany
• ISSN: 2304-8158; 2304-8158
• DOI: 10.3390/foods12203867

The aim of this study was to develop, for the first time, anthocyanin-enriched fractions from black raspberry pomace (BRP) using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) via sonotrode and the Particles from Gas-Saturated Solutions (PGSS) process. UAEs with different amplitudes and sonication times were evaluated and showed relevant effects on the yields of target analytes. The raspberry pomace extracts were formulated in a powder form by PGSS using glyceryl monostearate as a carrier at different extract-to-carrier ratios of 1:11, 1:5, and 1:3. The effects of all variables were evaluated in terms of extraction yield, total phenolic content, and encapsulation yield. UAE was strongly affected by amplitude, and the highest amplitude (100%) provided the best results for extraction yield and total phenolics. HPLC of UAE extracts and powders was utilized for quantification of polyphenol compounds, showing cyanidin-3-rutinoside as a main compound, followed by cyanidin-3-glucoside, rutin, ellagic acid, and gallic acid. These results show that these time-efficient and high-performance techniques enable the production of natural fractions from industrial BRP with acceptable characteristics to be used for the development of nutraceuticals and different food formulations.