Biological characteristics and clinical outcome of triple negative primary breast cancer in older women - comparison with their younger counterparts

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 9; no. 7; p. e100573
• Main Authors: Syed, Binafsha M, Green, Andrew R, Nolan, Christopher C, Morgan, David A L, Ellis, Ian O, Cheung, Kwok-Leung
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 07.07.2014; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Adult; Age; Age Factors; Aged; Biological analysis; Biological effects; Biology; Biomarkers; Biomarkers, Tumor - metabolism; Breast cancer; Cancer; Cancer therapies; Chemotherapy; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Clinical outcomes; Epidermal growth factor receptors; ErbB-2 protein; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Medical prognosis; Medical research; Medicine; Medicine and Health Sciences; Patients; Phenotypes; Prognosis; Surgery; Tissue analysis; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms - diagnosis; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms - drug therapy; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms - metabolism; Tumors; United Kingdom > UK
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100573

Triple negative (ER, PgR and HER2 negative) breast cancers (TNBCs) are often considered as a poor prognostic phenotype. There is dearth of evidence showing the prevalence and biological behaviour of TNBCs in older women. This study aimed to analyse their biological characteristics in comparison with a well characterised younger series from a single centre with long term clinical follow-up. Over 37 years (1973-2010), 1,758 older (≥70 years) women with early operable (<5 cm) primary breast cancer were managed in a dedicated clinic and have complete clinical information available. Of these 813 patients underwent primary surgery and 575 had good quality tumour samples available for tissue microarray analysis using indirect immunohistochemistry. A total of 127 patients (22.1%) had TNBCs and full biological analysis of 15 biomarkers was performed. The results were compared with those of their younger (<70 years) counterparts 342 (18.9%) from a previously characterised, consecutive series of primary breast cancer treated in the same unit (1986-1998). The 127 older patients with TNBCs showed lower rates of Ki67 and CK 7/8 positivity and high rates of bcl2 and CK18 positivity when compared with their younger counterparts (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the long term clinical outcome between the two age groups, despite the fact that 47% of the younger patients had adjuvant chemotherapy, while none in the older cohort received such treatment. EGFR, axillary stage and pathological size showed prognostic significance in older women with TNBCs on univariate analysis. Despite not having received adjuvant chemotherapy, the older series had clinical outcome similar to the younger patients almost half of whom had chemotherapy. This appears to be related to other biomarkers (in addition to ER/PgR/HER2) eg Ki67, bcl2 and cytokeratins which have different expression patterns influencing prognosis.