Metabolomics: Perspectives on Clinical Employment in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Precision medicine is imminent, and metabolomics is one of the main actors on stage. We summarize and discuss the current literature on the clinical application of metabolomic techniques as a possible tool to improve early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), to define clinical phenotypes an...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inInternational journal of molecular sciences Vol. 24; no. 17; p. 13404
Main Authors Siracusano, Martina, Arturi, Lucrezia, Riccioni, Assia, Noto, Antonio, Mussap, Michele, Mazzone, Luigi
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.09.2023
MDPI
Subjects
Autism
autism spectrum disorder
Biomarkers
clinical profile
Diagnostic equipment (Medical)
Employment
Genotype & phenotype
Health aspects
Identification
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
Metabolism
Metabolites
metabolomics
Neurophysiology
phenotype
Review
Sleep disorders
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Summary:Precision medicine is imminent, and metabolomics is one of the main actors on stage. We summarize and discuss the current literature on the clinical application of metabolomic techniques as a possible tool to improve early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), to define clinical phenotypes and to identify co-occurring medical conditions. A review of the current literature was carried out after PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar were consulted. A total of 37 articles published in the period 2010–2022 was included. Selected studies involve as a whole 2079 individuals diagnosed with ASD (1625 males, 394 females; mean age of 10, 9 years), 51 with other psychiatric comorbidities (developmental delays), 182 at-risk individuals (siblings, those with genetic conditions) and 1530 healthy controls (TD). Metabolomics, reflecting the interplay between genetics and environment, represents an innovative and promising technique to approach ASD. The metabotype may mirror the clinical heterogeneity of an autistic condition; several metabolites can be expressions of dysregulated metabolic pathways thus liable of leading to clinical profiles. However, the employment of metabolomic analyses in clinical practice is far from being introduced, which means there is a need for further studies for the full transition of metabolomics from clinical research to clinical diagnostic routine.
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These authors equally contributed to this work.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms241713404