The Establishment of Party Policy Committees in the U.S. Senate: Coordination, Not Coercion

• Published in: Social science quarterly Vol. 96; no. 1; pp. 34 - 48
• Main Authors: Crespin, Michael H., Madonna, Anthony, Sievert, Joel, Ament-Stone, Nathaniel
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.03.2015; Wiley (Variant)
• Subjects: American Politics; Coercion; Committees; Congressional committees; Coordination; Institutional change; Legislation; Legislative Bodies; Legislators; Majorities; Observation; Political activity; Political behavior; Political leaders; Political Parties; Reorganization; U.S.A; Votes; Voting
• ISSN: 0038-4941; 1540-6237
• DOI: 10.1111/ssqu.12104

Objective. We seek to determine if institutional changes designed to increase intraparty coordination influenced observed levels of party unity in the U.S. Senate. In particular, we test competing claims regarding the effects of establishing party policy committees following the adoption of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946. Methods. First, we examine Congress at the vote level by looking at the overall proportion of votes that could be classified as “party unity votes” before and after the establishment of the policy committees. Second, we employ a micro-level analysis by examining individual senators’ procedural party support scores. Results. We find that members of the majority party were more likely to have higher levels of procedural unity after the adoption of policy committees. Conclusion. The establishment of party policy committees in the Senate played a role in helping party leaders coordinate activities, advance a legislative agenda, and maintain high levels of party unity on the floor by better structuring procedural votes.