Transitional care programs for older adults moving from hospital to home in Canada: A systematic review of text and opinion

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 19; no. 7; p. e0307306
• Main Authors: Barber, Brittany V, Gregg, Emily E, Drake, Emily K, Macdonald, Marilyn, Hickey, Madison, Flynn, Chloe, Moody, Elaine, Gallant, Sarah M, McConnell, Erin, Weeks, Lori E
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: San Francisco Public Library of Science 18.07.2024; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Activities of daily living; Adults; Aged; Aging; Caregivers; Data search; Discharge planning; Health care; Health care access; Health planning; Health services; Hospital patients; Hospitals; Inclusion; Literature reviews; Long term health care; Medicine and Health Sciences; News media; Older people; Patients; People and Places; Search engines; Systematic review; Web sites; Canada; United Kingdom; Prince Edward Island Canada
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307306

Investing in transitional care programs is critical for ensuring continuity of health and coordinated care for older adults transitioning across health settings. However, literature delineating the scope of transitional care programs across Canada is limited. The aim of this systematic review of text and opinion is to characterize Canadian transitional care programs for older adults transitioning from hospital to home. Following JBI guidelines for systematic review of text and opinion, we conducted a search of Canadian grey literature sources published online between 2016 to 2023. A 3-phase search was undertaken for: 1) Canadian databases and organizational websites; 2) advanced Google search of national sources and news media reports; and 3) advanced Google search of provincial/territorial sources. Two reviewers independently screened sources for eligibility against inclusion criteria. Data were extracted by one reviewer and verified by a second. Textual data were extracted from multiple sources to characterize each transitional care program. Grey literature search produced a total of 17,092 text and opinion sources, identifying 119 transitional care programs in Canada. Model of care was a key characteristic defining the design and delivery of transitional care programs within community (n = 42), hospital (n = 45), and facility-based (n = 32) settings. Programs were characterized by goal, population and eligibility, setting and length of program, intervention and services, and healthcare team members. Patient, caregiver, and health system outcomes were reported for 18 programs. The province of Ontario has the most transitional care programs (n = 84) and reported outcomes, followed by British Columbia (n = 10). Characterizing transitional care programs is important for informing health services planning and scaling up of transitional care program models across Canada. Recognizing transitional care programs as a core health service is critical to meet the health care needs of older adults at the right time and place.