Risk of hospitalization and mortality associated with uncontrolled blood pressure in patients with hypertension and COVID-19

• Published in: International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention Vol. 11; p. 200117
• Main Authors: An, Jaejin, Zhou, Hui, Luong, Tiffany Q., Wei, Rong, Mefford, Matthew T., Harrison, Teresa N., Lee, Ming-Sum, Sim, John J., Brettler, Jeffrey W., Martin, John P., Ong-Su, Angeline L., Reynolds, Kristi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.12.2021; Elsevier
• Subjects: (MeSH)= COVID-19; Blood pressure; High blood pressure; Hypertension; Research Paper; Hypertension; Blood pressure; High blood pressure; (MeSH)= COVID-19
• ISSN: 2772-4875; 2772-4875
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcrp.2021.200117

The role of uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) in COVID-19 severity among patients with hypertension is unclear. We evaluated the association between uncontrolled BP and the risk of hospitalization and/or mortality in patients with hypertension from a large US integrated healthcare system. We identified patients with hypertension and a positive RT-PCR test result or a diagnosis of COVID-19 between March 1 – September 1, 2020 from Kaiser Permanente Southern California. BP categories was defined using the most recent outpatient BP measurement during 12 months prior to COVID-19 infection. The primary outcome of interest was all-cause hospitalization or mortality within 30 days from COVID-19 infection. Among 12,548 patients with hypertension and COVID-19 (mean age = 60 years, 47% male), 63% had uncontrolled BP (≥130/80 mm Hg) prior to COVID-19. Twenty-one percent were hospitalized or died within 30 days of COVID-19 infection. Uncontrolled BP was not associated with higher hospitalization or mortality (adjusted rate ratios for BP ≥ 160/100 mm Hg vs < 130/80 mm Hg = 1.00 [95% CI: 0.87, 1.14]; BP 140–159/90-99 mm Hg vs < 130/80 mm Hg = 1.02 [95% CI: 0.93, 1.11]). These findings were consistent across different age groups, treatment for antihypertensive medications, as well as atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk. Among patients with hypertension, uncontrolled BP prior to COVID-19 infection did not appear to be an important risk factor for 30-day mortality or hospitalization. •Uncontrolled BP prior to COVID-19 infection was not associated with 30-day all-cause hospitalizations and/or mortality.•Findings were consistent among those treated and untreated with antihypertensives and those with ASCVD history or ASCVD risk.•The role of uncontrolled BP in an acute viral illness such as COVID-19 is yet to be determined.