Trypanosoma vivax, T. congolense “forest type” and T. simiae: prevalence in domestic animals of sleeping sickness foci of Cameroon

• Published in: Parasite (Paris) Vol. 18; no. 2; pp. 171 - 179
• Main Authors: Nimpaye, H., Njiokou, F., Njine, T., Njitchouang, G.R., Cuny, G., Herder, S., Asonganyi, T., Simo, G.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Paris EDP Sciences 01.05.2011; Princeps
• Subjects: Animal protozoal diseases; Animals; Animals, Domestic - parasitology; Biological and medical sciences; Cameroon - epidemiology; chien; chèvre; DNA, Protozoan - isolation & purification; dog; Dog Diseases - epidemiology; Dog Diseases - parasitology; Dog Diseases - transmission; Dogs; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; goat; Goat Diseases - epidemiology; Goat Diseases - parasitology; Goat Diseases - transmission; Goats; Humans; Infectious diseases; Medical sciences; mouton; Original Contribution; Parasitic diseases; PCR; pig; porc; Prevalence; Protozoal diseases; Sheep; Sheep Diseases - epidemiology; Sheep Diseases - parasitology; Sheep Diseases - transmission; Swine; Swine Diseases - epidemiology; Swine Diseases - parasitology; Swine Diseases - transmission; T. congolense “forest type”; T. congolense “type forêt”; T. simiae; T. vivax; Trees; Trypanosoma; Trypanosoma - classification; Trypanosoma - genetics; Trypanosoma - isolation & purification; Trypanosoma congolense - genetics; Trypanosoma congolense - isolation & purification; Trypanosoma vivax; Trypanosoma vivax - genetics; Trypanosoma vivax - isolation & purification; Trypanosomiasis, African - epidemiology; Trypanosomiasis, African - transmission; Trypanosomiasis, African - veterinary; Cameroon; Africa; Trypanosoma simiae; Protozoal disease; Prevalence; Canis familiaris; Trypanosoma vivax; Domestic animal; Goat; Trypanosomiasis; Dog; Ungulata; Kinetoplastida; Capra hircus; Fissipedia; Protozoa; Carnivora; Parasite; Parasitosis; African sickness; Pig; Infection; Vertebrata; Mammalia; Trypanosoma congolense; Sheep; Artiodactyla
• ISSN: 1252-607X; 1776-1042
• DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2011182171

In order to better understand the epidemiology of Human and Animal trypanosomiasis that occur together in sleeping sickness foci, a study of prevalences of animal parasites (Trypanosoma vivax, T. congolense “forest type”, and T. simiae) infections was conducted on domestic animals to complete the previous work carried on T. brucei gambiense prevalence using the same animal sample. 875 domestic animals, including 307 pigs, 264 goats, 267 sheep and 37 dogs were sampled in the sleeping sickness foci of Bipindi, Campo, Doumé and Fontem in Cameroon. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based method was used to identify these trypanosome species. A total of 237 (27.08%) domestic animals were infected by at least one trypanosome species. The prevalence of T. vivax, T. congolense “forest type” and T. simiae were 20.91%, 11.42% and 0.34% respectively. The prevalences of T. vivax and T. congolense “forest type” differed significantly between the animal species and between the foci (p < 0.0001); however, these two trypanosomes were found in all animal species as well as in all the foci subjected to the study. The high prevalences of T. vivax and T. congolense “forest type” in Bipindi and Fontem-Center indicate their intense transmission in these foci. Afin de mieux comprendre l’épidémiologie des trypanosomoses humaines et animales sévissant ensemble dans les foyers de maladie de sommeil, une étude des prévalences des infections par Trypanosoma vivax, T. congolense “type forêt” et T. simiae a été menée chez les animaux domestiques pour compléter celle ayant porté sur la prévalence de T. b. gambiense. L’étude a concerné 875 animaux domestiques dont 307 porcs, 264 chèvres, 267 moutons et 37 chiens échantillonnés dans les foyers de maladie du sommeil de Bipindi, Campo, Fontem et Doumé au Cameroun. L’identification spécifique de ces trypanosomes a utilisée la technique de PCR. Au total, 237 (27,08 %) animaux domestiques étaient infectés par au moins une espèce de trypanosome. Les prévalences de T. vivax, T. congolense “type forêt” et T. simiae étaient de 20,91 %, 11,42 % et 0,34 % respectivement. Les prévalences de T. vivax et T. congolense “type forêt” diffèrent significativement entre les espèces animales et entre les foyers (p < 0,0001); toutefois, ces deux trypanosomes ont été identifiés chez les quatre espèces animales et dans tous les foyers soumis à l’étude. Les prévalences les plus élevées de T. vivax et T. congolense “type forêt” à Bipindi et Fontem-Centre indiquent une transmission intense de ces trypanosomes dans ces foyers.