Construction of a Structurally Unbiased Brain Template with High Image Quality from MRI Scans of Saudi Adult Females

• Published in: Bioengineering (Basel) Vol. 12; no. 7; p. 722
• Main Authors: Althobaiti, Noura, Moria, Kawthar, Elrefaei, Lamiaa, Alghamdi, Jamaan, Tayeb, Haythum
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 30.06.2025; MDPI
• Subjects: anatomical template; Bias; Brain; Brain mapping; Brain research; Females; Functional anatomy; Gender; Image quality; Magnetic resonance imaging; Mapping; Medical imaging; Nervous system; Neuroimaging; Neurosciences; patch-based estimation; population-specific template; Registration; Saudi brain template; Sharpness; Statistical analysis; Structure-function relationships; symmetric model construction; template construction; Tomography; White people; Saudi Arabia; Iran; United States; China; United Kingdom; Germany; India; MRI brain scans; population-specific template; T1-weighted MRI; anatomical template; structural template; Saudi brain template; symmetric model construction; template construction; patch-based estimation; neuroimaging
• ISSN: 2306-5354; 2306-5354
• DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering12070722

In brain mapping, structural templates derived from population-specific MRI scans are essential for normalizing individual brains into a common space. This normalization facilitates accurate group comparisons and statistical analyses. Although templates have been developed for various populations, none currently exist for the Saudi population. To our knowledge, this work introduces the first structural brain template constructed and evaluated from a homogeneous subset of T1-weighted MRI scans of 11 healthy Saudi female subjects aged 25 to 30. Our approach combines the symmetric model construction (SMC) method with a covariance-based weighting scheme to mitigate bias caused by over-represented anatomical features. To enhance the quality of the template, we employ a patch-based mean-shift intensity estimation method that improves image sharpness, contrast, and robustness to outliers. Additionally, we implement computational optimizations, including parallelization and vectorized operations, to increase processing efficiency. The resulting template exhibits high image quality, characterized by enhanced sharpness, improved tissue contrast, reduced sensitivity to outliers, and minimized anatomical bias. This Saudi-specific brain template addresses a critical gap in neuroimaging resources and lays a reliable foundation for future studies on brain structure and function in this population.