Anatomical and hemodynamic evaluations of the heart and pulmonary arterial pressure in healthy children residing at high altitude in China

• Published in: International journal of cardiology. Heart & vasculature Vol. 7; no. C; pp. 158 - 164
• Main Authors: Qi, Hai-Ying, Ma, Ru-Yan, Jiang, Li-Xia, Li, Shu-Ping, Mai, Shu, Chen, Hong, Ge, Mei, Wang, Mei-Ying, Liu, Hai-Ning, Cai, Yue-Hong, Xu, Su-Ya, Li, Jia
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Ireland Elsevier Ireland Ltd 01.06.2015; Elsevier
• Subjects: Altitude; Cardiac function; Cardiac morphology; Healthy children; Pulmonary arterial pressure; Tibetan; Pulmonary arterial pressure; Cardiac morphology; Tibetan; Cardiac function; Altitude; Healthy children
• ISSN: 2352-9067; 2352-9067
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2014.10.015

Altitude-hypoxia induces pulmonary arterial hypertension and altered cardiac morphology and function, which is little known in healthy children at high altitude. We compared the cardiopulmonary measurements between the healthy children at 16m and those at 3700m in China and between the Hans and the Tibetans at 3700m. Echocardiography was assessed in 477 children (15day–14years) including 220 at 16m and 257 at 3700m. The dimensions and wall thickness of the left- and right-sided heart, systolic and diastolic functions including cardiac output index (CI) were measured using standard methods. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) was estimated by the Doppler waveforms in the main pulmonary artery. Compared to the 16m-group, 3700m-group had higher mPAP, increasing dilatation of the right heart, and slower decrease in right ventricular hypertrophy in 14years (p<0.05). The left heart morphology was not different (p>0.20). Systolic and diastolic functions of both ventricles were significantly reduced, but CI was higher (p<0.0001). There was no difference in any measurement between the Hans and the Tibetans (p>0.05). Children living at high altitude in China have significantly higher mPAP, dilated right heart and slower regression of right ventricular hypertrophy in the first 14years of life. Systolic and diastolic functions of both ventricles were reduced with a paradoxically higher CI. There was no significant difference in these features between the Hans and the Tibetans. These values provide references for the care of healthy children and the sick ones with cardiopulmonary diseases at high altitude.