Effects of Ti, PMMA, UHMWPE, and Co-Cr wear particles on differentiation and functions of bone marrow stromal cells

• Published in: Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A Vol. 101; no. 10; pp. 2817 - 2825
• Main Authors: Jiang, Yunpeng, Jia, Tanghong, Gong, Weiming, Wooley, Paul H., Yang, Shang-You
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hoboken, NJ Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.10.2013; Wiley-Blackwell
• Subjects: Alkaline Phosphatase - metabolism; Animals; aseptic loosening; Biological and medical sciences; Bone Marrow Cells - cytology; Bone Marrow Cells - drug effects; Bone Marrow Cells - enzymology; bone marrow stromal cells; Cell Death - drug effects; Cell Differentiation - drug effects; Cell Proliferation - drug effects; Cell Shape - drug effects; Cell Survival - drug effects; Chromium Alloys - pharmacology; Culture Media, Conditioned - chemistry; Cytokines - metabolism; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; gene expression; Gene Expression Profiling; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Medical sciences; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; osteoblast; Osteocalcin - metabolism; Polyethylenes - pharmacology; Polymethyl Methacrylate - pharmacology; RANK Ligand - metabolism; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Stromal Cells - cytology; Stromal Cells - drug effects; Stromal Cells - enzymology; Surgery (general aspects). Transplantations, organ and tissue grafts. Graft diseases; Technology. Biomaterials. Equipments; Titanium - pharmacology; wear debris; Ultra high molecular weight ethylene polymer; bone marrow stromal cells; Polyethylene; Wear particle; Gene expression; Methyl methacrylate copolymer; aseptic loosening; Osteoarticular system; Loosening; Chromium alloy; Wear; Cobalt alloy; Bone marrow; Osteoblast; Titanium; Olefin polymer; Biomaterial; wear debris; Bone; Stromal cell; Debris; Biomedical engineering; osteoblast; gene expression
• ISSN: 1549-3296; 1552-4965
• DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34595

This study investigates the roles of orthopedic biomaterial particles [Ti‐alloy, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), Co–Cr alloy] on the differentiation and functions of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Cells were isolated from femurs of BALB/c mice and cultured in complete osteoblast‐induction medium in presence of micron‐sized biomaterial particles at various doses. 3‐(4,5)‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and lactate dehydrogenase assay were performed for cell proliferation and cytotoxicity. Differentiation and function of osteoblasts were evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin, RANKL, OSX, and Runx2 expressions. Murine interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐α in culture media were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Challenge with low doses of Ti, UHMWPE, or Co–Cr particles markedly promoted the bone marrow cell proliferation while high dose of Co–Cr significantly inhibited cell growth (p < 0.05). Cells challenged with low dose of PMMA or UHMWPE particles (0.63 mg/mL) exhibited strong ALP activity, whereas Ti and Co–Cr groups showed minimal effects (p < 0.05). UHMWPE and Ti particles also promoted higher expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction data suggested that cells treated with low dose (0.5 mg/mL) particles resulted in distinctly diminished RANKL expression compared to those exposed to high concentrated (3 mg/mL) particles. In conclusion, various types of wear debris particles behaved differently in the differentiation, maturation, and functions of osteogenic cells; and the particulate debris‐interacted BMSCs may play an important role in the pathogenesis and process of the debris‐associated aseptic prosthetic loosening. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 101A: 2817–2825, 2013.