The elimination of selenium(IV) from aqueous solution by precipitation with sodium sulfide

• Published in: Journal of hazardous materials Vol. 185; no. 1; pp. 148 - 154
• Main Authors: Geoffroy, N., Demopoulos, G.P.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Kidlington Elsevier B.V 15.01.2011; Elsevier
• Subjects: Applied sciences; chemical analysis; chemical precipitation; Diffraction; Effluent treatment; Exact sciences and technology; Hydrochloric Acid - chemistry; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrometallurgy; Indicators and Reagents; Industrial Waste - analysis; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Particle Size; Pollution; Precipitates; Precipitation; scanning electron microscopy; Selenite; Selenium; Selenium - chemistry; Selenium - isolation & purification; Selenium removal; Selenium sulfide; Sodium; Sodium sulfide; Solutions; Sulfates; Sulfides; Sulfides - chemistry; Sulfur; Sulfuric Acids - chemistry; Water - chemistry; X-Ray Diffraction; Zinc refining; Selenite; Precipitation; Selenium sulfide; Selenium removal; Effluent treatment; Zinc refining; Sodium sulfide; Hydrometallurgy; Scanning electron microscopy; Chemical analysis; Solid solution; Sulfates; X ray diffraction; Long term; Refining; pH; Aqueous solution; Selenium IV
• ISSN: 0304-3894; 1873-3336
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.09.009

In this study, the removal/precipitation of selenium with sodium sulfide from initially weakly acidic sulfate solutions containing 300 mg/L of selenium(IV) at 23 °C was studied. The results showed that, below a pH of approximately 7.0, the precipitation reaction was complete at a sulfide to selenium ratio above 1.8 and less than 11 with less than 0.005 mg/L of soluble selenium remaining in solution. When the pH rose between 7.0 and 9.5 the precipitation of selenium was incomplete. Above pH 9.5 the solution turned dark red but no precipitation was apparent. The precipitation reaction started as soon as the sodium sulfide was added in the selenium-bearing solution and was completed in less than 10 min. The orange “selenium sulfide” precipitates, characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and chemical analysis, were crystalline in the form of aggregated dense particles with their sulfur/selenium molar ratio varying from 1.7 to 2.3. The precipitate was deduced to be a Se–S solid solution consisting of ring molecules of the following Se n S 8− n formula, where n = 2.5–3. Long term leachability tests (>2 month equilibration) under ambient conditions at pH 7 showed the produced precipitate to be essentially insoluble (<0.005 mg/L).