Activation and Coagulation Biomarkers Are Independent Predictors of the Development of Opportunistic Disease in Patients with HIV Infection

• Published in: The Journal of infectious diseases Vol. 200; no. 6; pp. 973 - 983
• Main Authors: Rodger, Alison J., Fox, Zoe, Lundgren, Jens D., Kuller, Lewis H., Boesecke, Christoph, Gey, Daniela, Skoutelis, Athanassios, Goetz, Matthew Bidwell, Phillips, Andrew N.
• Format: Journal Article Web Resource
• Language: English
• Published: United States The University of Chicago Press 15.09.2009; University of Chicago Press
• Subjects: Adult; AIDS; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections - metabolism; Amyloids; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretrovirals; Antivirals; Biological Markers; Biomarkers; Blood Coagulation - physiology; C-Reactive Protein - metabolism; Case-Control Studies; Cytokines; Disease risk; Epidemiology; Female; HIV; HIV/AIDS; Human health sciences; Human immunodeficiency virus; Humans; Immunologie & maladie infectieuse; Immunology & infectious disease; Inflammation - metabolism; Interleukin-6 - metabolism; Male; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Opportunistic behavior; Risk Factors; Sciences de la santé humaine; Serum Amyloid A Protein - metabolism; Serum Amyloid P-Component - metabolism
• ISSN: 0022-1899; 1537-6613; 1537-6613
• DOI: 10.1086/605447

BackgroundActivation and coagulation biomarkers were measured within the Strategies for Management of Antiretroviral Therapy (SMART) trial. Their associations with opportunistic disease (OD) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–positive patients were examined MethodsInflammatory (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP], interleukin-6 [IL–6], amyloid-A, and amyloid-P) and coagulation (D-dimer and prothrombin-fragment 1+2) markers were determined. Conditional logistic regression analyses were used to assess associations between these biomarkers and risk of OD ResultsThe 91 patients who developed an OD were matched to 182 control subjects. Patients with an hsCRP level ⩾5 μg/mL at baseline had a 3.5 higher odds of OD (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5–8.1) than did those with an hsCRP level <1 μg/mL (P=.003, by test for trend) and patients with an IL-6 level ⩾3 pg/mL at baseline had a 2.4 higher odds of OD (95% CI, 1.0–5.4) than did those with an IL-6 level <1.5 pg/mL (P=.02, by test for trend). No other baseline biomarkers predicted development of an OD. Latest follow-up hsCRP level for those with an hsCRP level ⩾5 μg/mL (compared with a level <1 μg/mL; odds ratio [OR], 7.6; 95% CI, 2.0–28.5; P=.002, by test for trend), latest amyloid-A level for those with an amyloid-A level ⩾6 mg/L (compared with a level <2 mg/L; OR, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.1–13.4; P=.03, by test for trend), and latest IL-6 level for those with an IL-6 level ⩾3 pg/mL (compared with a level <1.5 pg/mL; OR 2.4; 95% CI, 0.7–8.8; P=.04, by test for trend) were also associated with development of an OD ConclusionsHigher IL-6 and hsCRP levels independently predicted development of OD. These biomarkers could provide additional prognostic information for predicting the risk of OD Clinical trials registrationClinical Trials.gov number NCT00027352