Hypoxia, Metabolic Reprogramming, and Drug Resistance in Liver Cancer

Hypoxia, low oxygen (O2) level, is a hallmark of solid cancers, especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common and fatal cancers worldwide. Hypoxia contributes to drug resistance in cancer through various molecular mechanisms. In this review, we particularly focus on the roles of...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inCells (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 10; no. 7; p. 1715
Main Authors Bao, Macus Hao-Ran, Wong, Carmen Chak-Lui
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 06.07.2021
MDPI
Subjects
Adenosine
Cell cycle
Clinical outcomes
Dehydrogenases
Drug resistance
Enzymes
Glucose
Growth factors
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Hypoxia
Hypoxia-inducible factors
ICIs
Kinases
Liver cancer
Lymphocytes
metabolic reprogramming
Metabolism
Metabolites
Molecular modelling
Review
TKIs
Tumors
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

More Information
Summary:Hypoxia, low oxygen (O2) level, is a hallmark of solid cancers, especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common and fatal cancers worldwide. Hypoxia contributes to drug resistance in cancer through various molecular mechanisms. In this review, we particularly focus on the roles of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-mediated metabolic reprogramming in drug resistance in HCC. Combination therapies targeting hypoxia-induced metabolic enzymes to overcome drug resistance will also be summarized. Acquisition of drug resistance is the major cause of unsatisfactory clinical outcomes of existing HCC treatments. Extra efforts to identify novel mechanisms to combat refractory hypoxic HCC are warranted for the development of more effective treatment regimens for HCC patients.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
ObjectType-Review-3
content type line 23
ISSN:2073-4409
2073-4409
DOI:10.3390/cells10071715