Protein Kinase Involved in Lung Injury Susceptibility: Evidence from Enzyme Isoform Genetic Knockout and in vivo Inhibitor Treatment

• Published in: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 100; no. 10; pp. 6233 - 6238
• Main Authors: Wainwright, Mark S., Rossi, Janet, Schavocky, James, Crawford, Susan, Steinhorn, David, Velentza, Anastasia V., Zasadzki, Magdalena, Shirinsky, Vladimir, Jia, Yuzhi, Haiech, Jacques, Van Eldik, Linda J., Watterson, D. Martin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States National Academy of Sciences 13.05.2003; National Acad Sciences; The National Academy of Sciences
• Subjects: Adult respiratory distress syndrome; Alleles; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Biological Sciences; Drug discovery; Enzyme Inhibitors - pharmacology; Enzymes; Genetic Predisposition to Disease - genetics; Genetics; Histology; Injuries; Isoenzymes - chemistry; Isoenzymes - deficiency; Isoenzymes - genetics; Lipopolysaccharides - toxicity; Lung - pathology; Lung Diseases - genetics; Lung Diseases - prevention & control; Lung Injury; Lungs; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Molecular Sequence Data; Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase - chemistry; Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase - deficiency; Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase - genetics; Physical trauma; Proteins; Reproductive technologies; Sepsis; Ventilation systems
• ISSN: 0027-8424; 1091-6490
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1031595100

Acute lung injury (ALI) associated with sepsis and iatrogenic ventilator-induced lung injury resulting from mechanical ventilation are major medical problems with an unmet need for small molecule therapeutics. Prevailing hypotheses identify endothelial cell (EC) layer dysfunction as a cardinal event in the pathophysiology, with intracellular protein kinases as critical mediators of normal physiology and possible targets for drug discovery. The 210,000 molecular weight myosin light chain kinase (MLCK210, also called EC MLCK because of its abundance in EC) is hypothesized to be important for EC barrier function and might be a potential therapeutic target. To test these hypotheses directly, we made a selective MLCK210 knockout mouse that retains production of MLCK108 (also called smooth-muscle MLCK) from the same gene. The MLCK210 knockout mice are less susceptible to ALI induced by i.p. injection of the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide and show enhanced survival during subsequent mechanical ventilation. Using a complementary chemical biology approach, we developed a new class of small-molecule MLCK inhibitor based on the pharmacologically privileged aminopyridazine and found that a single i.p. injection of the inhibitor protected WT mice against ALI and death from mechanical ventilation complications. These convergent results from two independent approaches demonstrate a pivotal in vivo role for MLCK in susceptibility to lung injury and validate MLCK as a potential drug discovery target for lung injury.