Meningeal Lymphatics: A Review and Future Directions From a Clinical Perspective

The recent discovery of lymphatic vessels in the meningeal layers calls into question the known mechanisms of fluid and macromolecule homeostasis and immunoregulation within the central nervous system. These meningeal lymphatic vessels and their potential role in the pathophysiology of neurological...

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Published inJournal of experimental neuroscience Vol. 14; p. 1179069519889027
Main Authors Hershenhouse, Korri S, Shauly, Orr, Gould, Daniel J, Patel, Ketan M
Format Book Review Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London, England SAGE Publications 01.11.2019
Sage Publications Ltd
SAGE Publishing
Subjects
Animal models
Central nervous system
Developmental biology
Homeostasis
Immunoregulation
Immunosurveillance
Lymphatic system
Neurodegenerative diseases
Neurological diseases
Pathophysiology
Review
Therapeutic applications
neurodegeneration
neurodegenerative
neuroimmunology
Alzheimer
multiple sclerosis
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Summary:The recent discovery of lymphatic vessels in the meningeal layers calls into question the known mechanisms of fluid and macromolecule homeostasis and immunoregulation within the central nervous system. These meningeal lymphatic vessels and their potential role in the pathophysiology of neurological disease have become a rapidly expanding area of research, with the hopes that they may provide a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of many devastating conditions. This article reviews the current state of knowledge surrounding the anatomical structure of the vessels, their functions in fluid and solute transport and immune surveillance, as well as their studied developmental biology, relationship with the novel hypothesized “glymphatic” system, and implications in neurodegenerative disease in animal models. Furthermore, this review summarizes findings from the human studies conducted thus far regarding the presence, anatomy, and drainage patterns of meningeal lymphatic vessels and discusses, from a clinical perspective, advancements in both imaging technologies and interventional methodologies used to access ultrafine peripheral lymphatic vessels.
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ISSN:2633-1055
2633-1055
1179-0695
DOI:10.1177/1179069519889027