New algorithm for valganciclovir dosing in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients

• Published in: Pediatric transplantation Vol. 18; no. 1; pp. 103 - 111
• Main Authors: Åsberg, A., Bjerre, A., Neely, M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Denmark Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.02.2014
• Subjects: Adolescent; Algorithms; Antiviral Agents - administration & dosage; Area Under Curve; Child; Child, Preschool; Computer Simulation; cytomegalovirus; Cytomegalovirus Infections - drug therapy; Drug Monitoring - methods; Female; Ganciclovir - administration & dosage; Ganciclovir - analogs & derivatives; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Infant; Male; Models, Theoretical; Monte Carlo Method; Organ Transplantation - methods; Original; pediatric transplantation; population model; Probability; solid organ transplantation; therapeutic drug monitoring; valganciclovir; valganciclovir; population model; solid organ transplantation; pediatric transplantation; cytomegalovirus; therapeutic drug monitoring
• ISSN: 1397-3142; 1399-3046
• DOI: 10.1111/petr.12179

CMV infections are common after SOT. v‐GCV is increasingly used in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate presently used dosing algorithms. Data from 104 pediatric SOT recipients (kidney, liver, and heart) aged 0.3–16.9 yr and receiving v‐GCV once a day were used for model development and validation with the Pmetrics package for R. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to compare the probability of a GCV AUC 40–60 mg*h/L with the different algorithms across a range of ages, weights, and GFRs. GCV pharmacokinetics was well described by the non‐parametric model. Clearance was dependent on GFR and Cockcroft‐Gault estimates improved the model fit over Schwartz. Simulations showed that our new algorithm, where v‐GCV dose is: Weight [kg]*(0.07*GFR [mL/min]+k), where k = 5 for GFR ≤ 30 mL/min, k = 10 for GFR > 30 mL/min and weight > 30 kg and k = 15 for GFR > 30 mL/min and weight ≤ 30 kg, outperformed the other algorithms. Thirty‐three percent of all patients achieve an exposure above and 21% within the therapeutic window. We propose a simple algorithm for initial v‐GCV dosing that standardizes plasma drug exposure better than current algorithms. Subsequent TDM is strongly suggested to achieve individual drug levels within the therapeutic window.