Exposure to Microplastics during Early Developmental Stage: Review of Current Evidence

In the last few decades, microplastics (MPs) have been among the emerging environmental pollutants that have received serious attention from scientists and the general population due to their wide range of potentially harmful effects on living organisms. MPs may originate from primary sources (micro...

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Published inToxics (Basel) Vol. 10; no. 10; p. 597
Main Authors Amran, Nur Hanisah, Zaid, Siti Sarah Mohamad, Mokhtar, Mohd Helmy, Manaf, Latifah Abd, Othman, Shatrah
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 10.10.2022
MDPI
Subjects
Adults
Biological activity
Bisphenol A
Breastfeeding & lactation
Children & youth
Development
early developmental stage
Evaluation
Exocrine glands
Exposure
Groundwater
Health aspects
human health
Infants
Microplastics
Oxidative stress
Plastic pollution
plastics
Pollutants
Polyethylene terephthalate
prepubertal development
Review
Skin
Toys
Malaysia
prepubertal development
microplastics
plastics
human health
early developmental stage
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Summary:In the last few decades, microplastics (MPs) have been among the emerging environmental pollutants that have received serious attention from scientists and the general population due to their wide range of potentially harmful effects on living organisms. MPs may originate from primary sources (micro-sized plastics manufactured on purpose) and secondary sources (breakdown of large plastic items through physical, chemical, and biological processes). Consequently, serious concerns are escalating because MPs can be easily disseminated and contaminate environments, including terrestrial, air, groundwater, marine, and freshwater systems. Furthermore, an exposure to even low doses of MPs during the early developmental stage may induce long-term health effects, even later in life. Accordingly, this study aims to gather the current evidence regarding the effects of MPs exposure on vital body systems, including the digestive, reproductive, central nervous, immune, and circulatory systems, during the early developmental stage. In addition, this study provides essential information about the possible emergence of various diseases later in life (i.e., adulthood).
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ISSN:2305-6304
2305-6304
DOI:10.3390/toxics10100597