Self-serving episodic memory biases: findings in the repressive coping style

• Published in: Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience Vol. 7; p. 117
• Main Authors: Alston, Lauren L, Kratchmer, Carissa, Jeznach, Anna, Bartlett, Nathan T, Davidson, Patrick S R, Fujiwara, Esther
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland Frontiers Research Foundation 03.09.2013; Frontiers Media S.A
• Subjects: Anxiety; Arousal; Bias; Decision making; Defense mechanisms; Delay; Information processing; Memory; Mental task performance; Neuroscience; Questionnaires; repressive coping style; Repressors; self-relevance; Threats; Valence; Canada; United States > US; Chicago Illinois; repressive coping style; valence; delay; memory; self-relevance
• ISSN: 1662-5153; 1662-5153
• DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00117

Individuals with a repressive coping style self-report low anxiety, but show high defensiveness and high physiological arousal. Repressors have impoverished negative autobiographical memories and are better able to suppress memory for negatively valenced and self-related laboratory materials when asked to do so. Research on spontaneous forgetting of negative information in repressors suggests that they show significant forgetting of negative items, but only after a delay. Unknown is whether increased forgetting after a delay is potentiated by self-relevance. Here we asked in three experiments whether repressors would show reduced episodic memories for negative self-relevant information when tested immediately versus after a 2-day delay. We predicted that repressors would show an exaggerated reduction in recall of negative self-relevant memories after a delay, at least without anew priming of this information. We tested a total of 300 participants (experiment 1: N = 95, experiment 2: N = 106; experiment 3: N = 99) of four types: repressors, high-anxious (HA), low-anxious, and defensive HA individuals. Participants judged positive and negative adjectives with regard to self-descriptiveness, serving as incidental encoding. Surprise free-recall was conducted immediately after encoding (experiment 1), after a 2-day delay (experiment 2), or after a 2-day delay following priming via a lexical decision task (experiment 3). In experiment 1, repressors showed a bias against negative self-relevant words in immediate recall. Such a bias was neither observed in delayed recall without priming nor in delayed recall with priming. Thus, counter to our hypothesis, negative information that was initially judged as self-relevant was not forgotten at a higher rate after a delay in repressors. We suggest that repressors may reinterpret initially negative information in a more positive light after a delay, and therefore no longer experience the need to bias their recall after a delay.