Dietary fiber intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: a dose-response analysis of prospective studies

• Published in: European journal of epidemiology Vol. 29; no. 2; pp. 79 - 88
• Main Authors: Yao, Baodong, Fang, Hong, Xu, Wanghong, Yan, Yujie, Xu, Huilin, Liu, Yinan, Mo, Miao, Zhang, Hua, Zhao, Yanping
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dordrecht Springer 01.02.2014; Springer Netherlands; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Biological and medical sciences; Cardiology; Cohort studies; Diabetes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - prevention & control; Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance; Diabetic diets; Diet; Dietary fiber; Dietary Fiber - administration & dosage; Dose response relationship; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Edible Grain; Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases); Endocrinopathies; Epidemiology; Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance; Female; Fruit; Fruits; General aspects; Glycemic index; Humans; Infectious Diseases; Male; Medical sciences; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; META-ANALYSIS; Miscellaneous; Observational studies; Oncology; Prospective Studies; Public Health; Public health. Hygiene; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine; Risk Factors; Statistical significance; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Vegetables; Type 2 diabetes; Prospective studies; Dietary fiber; Meta-analysis; Endocrinopathy; Evidence-based practice; Metabolic diseases; Risk; Epidemiology; Evidence-based medicine; Metaanalysis; Prospective; Risk factor; Dose; Public health
• ISSN: 0393-2990; 1573-7284
• DOI: 10.1007/s10654-013-9876-x

Observational studies suggest an association between dietary fiber intake and risk of type 2 diabetes, but the results are inconclusive. We conducted a meta-analysis of prospective studies evaluating the associations of dietary fiber intake and risk of type 2 diabetes. Relevant studies were identified by searching EMBASE (from 1974 to April 2013) and PubMed (from 1966 to April 2013). The fixed or random-effect model was selected based on the homogeneity test among studies. In addition, a 2-stage random-effects dose-response meta-analysis was performed. We identified 17 prospective cohort studies of dietary fiber intake and risk of type 2 diabetes involving 19,033 cases and 488,293 participants. The combined RR (95 % CI) of type 2 diabetes for intake of total dietary fiber, cereal fiber, fruit fiber and insoluble fiber was 0.81 (0.73-0.90), 0.77 (0.69-0.85), 0.94 (0.88-0.99) and 0.75 (0.63-0.89), respectively. A nonlinear relationship was found of total dietary fiber intake with risk oftype 2 diabetes (P for nonlinearity < 0.01), and the RRs (95 % CI) of type 2 diabetes were 0.98 (0.90-1.06), 0.97 (0.87-1.07), 0.89 (0.80-0.99), 0.76 (0.65-0.88), and 0.66 (0.53-0.82) for 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 g/day. The departure from nonlinear relationship was not significant (P for nonlinearity = 0.72), and the risk of type 2 diabetes decreased by 6 % (RR 0.94,95 % CI 0.93-0.96) for 2 g/day increment in cereal fiber intake. Findings from this meta-analysis indicate that the intakes of dietary fiber may be inversely associated with risk of type 2 diabetes.