Diabetes related phenotypes and their influence on outcomes of patients with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

• Published in: Diabetology and metabolic syndrome Vol. 15; no. 1; pp. 1 - 203
• Main Authors: Alves, Lais Isidoro, Bosco, Adriana Aparecida, Rosa, Adriana Aparecida, Correia, Marcia Regina Soares, Matioli, Sergio Russo, da Silva, Maria Elizabeth Rossi, Barros-Filho, Tarcisio E.P, Utiyama, Edivaldo M, Segurado, Aluisio C, Perondi, Beatriz, Montal, Amanda C, Harima, Leila, Fusco, Solange R.G, Silva, Marjorie F, Rocha, Marcelo C, Rios, Izabel Cristina, Kawano, Fabiane Yumi Ogihara, Jesus, Maria Amélia de, Kallas, Esper, Francisco, Maria Cristina Peres Braido, Carmo, Carolina Mendes do, Tanaka, Clarice, Oliveira, Maura Salaroli, Guimarães, Thaís, Lázari, Carolina dos Santos, Magri, Marcello M.C, Marchini, Julio F.M, Duarte, Alberto José da Silva, Sabino, Ester C, Costa, Silvia Figueiredo, Morais, Anna Miethke, Souza, Heraldo Possolo de, Carvalho, Carlos Roberto Ribeiro, Ferreira, Juliana Carvalho, Levin, Anna Sara Shafferman
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London BioMed Central Ltd 16.10.2023; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Albumin; Blood pressure; Body mass index; Brain natriuretic peptide; C-reactive protein; Cancer; Cardiovascular disease; Clinical data; Comorbidity; COVID-19; Creatine; Creatine kinase; Creatinine; Dextrose; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetics; Dialysis; Ethnicity; Genetic aspects; Glucose; Hospitalization; Hospitals; Hypertension; Infections; Inflammation; Insulin resistance; Intensive care; L-Lactate dehydrogenase; Laboratory data; Lactic acid; Lethality; Magnesium; Minority & ethnic groups; Natriuretic peptides; Obesity; Outcome; Oxidative stress; Patient outcomes; Patients; Phenotypes; Regression analysis; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Troponin; Urea; Vasoactive agents; Virus diseases; Brazil
• ISSN: 1758-5996; 1758-5996
• DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01168-w

Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with severe forms of COVID-19 but little is known about the diabetes--related phenotype considering pre-admission, on-admission and data covering the entire hospitalization period. Methods We analyzed COVID-19 inpatients (n = 3327) aged 61.2(48.2-71.4) years attended from March to September 2020 in a public hospital. Results DM group (n = 1218) differed from Non-DM group (n = 2109) by higher age, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure and lower O2 saturation on admission. Gender, ethnicity and COVID-19-related symptoms were similar. Glucose and several markers of inflammation, tissue injury and organ dysfunction were higher among patients with diabetes: troponin, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate, brain natriuretic peptide, urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium but lower albumin levels. Hospital (12 x 11 days) and intensive care unit permanence (10 x 9 days) were similar but DM group needed more vasoactive, anticoagulant and anti-platelet drugs, oxygen therapy, endotracheal intubation and dialysis. Lethality was higher in patients with diabetes (39.3% x 30.7%) and increased with glucose levels and age, in male sex and with BMI < 30 kg/m2 in both groups (obesity paradox). It was lower with previous treatment with ACEi/BRA in both groups. Ethnicity and education level did not result in different outcomes between groups. Higher frequency of comorbidities (hypertension, cardiovascular/renal disease, stroke), of inflammatory (higher leucocyte number, RCP, LDH, troponin) and renal markers (urea, creatinine, potassium levels and lower sodium, magnesium) differentiated lethality risk between patients with and without diabetes. Conclusions Comorbidities, inflammatory markers and renal disfunction but not Covid-19-related symptoms, obesity, ethnicity and education level differentiated lethality risk between patients with and without diabetes. Keywords: Diabetes, COVID-19, Clinical data, Laboratory data, Outcome