Cognition and mood in Parkinson's disease in subthalamic nucleus versus globus pallidus interna deep brain stimulation: The COMPARE Trial

• Published in: Annals of neurology Vol. 65; no. 5; pp. 586 - 595
• Main Authors: Okun, Michael S., Fernandez, Hubert H., Wu, Samuel S., Kirsch-Darrow, Lindsey, Bowers, Dawn, Bova, Frank, Suelter, Michele, Jacobson IV, Charles E., Wang, Xinping, Gordon Jr, Clifford W., Zeilman, Pam, Romrell, Janet, Martin, Pam, Ward, Herbert, Rodriguez, Ramon L., Foote, Kelly D.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hoboken Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 01.05.2009; Wiley-Liss
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Biological and medical sciences; Cognition Disorders - etiology; Cognition Disorders - therapy; Deep Brain Stimulation - methods; Degenerative and inherited degenerative diseases of the nervous system. Leukodystrophies. Prion diseases; Double-Blind Method; Electric Stimulation - methods; Female; Globus Pallidus - physiology; Humans; Male; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Mood Disorders - etiology; Mood Disorders - therapy; Motor Activity - physiology; Neurology; Neuropsychological Tests; Parkinson Disease - complications; Parkinson Disease - therapy; Prospective Studies; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Subthalamic Nucleus - physiology; Nervous system diseases; Deep brain stimulation; Central nervous system; Parkinson disease; Cognition; Encephalon; Cerebral disorder; Mood; Central nervous system disease; Degenerative disease; Subthalamic nucleus; Comparative study; Extrapyramidal syndrome
• ISSN: 0364-5134; 1531-8249; 1531-8249
• DOI: 10.1002/ana.21596

Objective Our aim was to compare in a prospective blinded study the cognitive and mood effects of subthalamic nucleus (STN) vs. globus pallidus interna (GPi) deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson disease. Methods Fifty‐two subjects were randomized to unilateral STN or GPi DBS. The co‐primary outcome measures were the Visual Analog Mood Scale, and verbal fluency (semantic and letter) at 7 months post‐DBS in the optimal setting compared to pre‐DBS. At 7 months post‐DBS, subjects were tested in four randomized/counterbalanced conditions (optimal, ventral, dorsal, and off DBS). Results Forty‐five subjects (23 GPi, 22 STN) completed the protocol. The study revealed no difference between STN and GPi DBS in the change of co‐primary mood and cognitive outcomes pre‐ to post‐DBS in the optimal setting (Hotelling's T2 test: p = 0.16 and 0.08 respectively). Subjects in both targets were less “happy”, less “energetic” and more “confused” when stimulated ventrally. Comparison of the other 3 DBS conditions to pre‐DBS showed a larger deterioration of letter verbal fluency in STN, especially when off DBS. There was no difference in UPDRS motor improvement between targets. Interpretation There were no significant differences in the co‐primary outcome measures (mood and cognition) between STN and GPi in the optimal DBS state. Adverse mood effects occurred ventrally in both targets. A worsening of letter verbal fluency was seen in STN. The persistence of deterioration in verbal fluency in the off STN DBS state was suggestive of a surgical rather than a stimulation‐induced effect. Similar motor improvement were observed with both STN and GPi DBS. Ann Neurol 2009