Immunization status of children 1-5 years old seen at the Emergency Pediatric Unit of a Teaching Hospital in North-Central Nigeria

• Published in: Germs (Bucureşti) Vol. 12; no. 1; pp. 63 - 74
• Main Authors: Yiltok, Esther S, Daboer, Jonathan C, Dachalson, Edward M, Banwat, Mathilda E, Ebonyi, Augustine O, Akhiwu, Helen O, Shwe, David D, Afolaranmi, Tolulope O
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Romania Asociatia pentru Cresterea Vizibilitatii Cercetarii Stiintifice (ACVCS) 01.03.2022; European HIV/AIDS and Infectious Diseases Academy; Asociația pentru Creşterea Vizibilității Cercetării Ştiințifice (ACVCS)
• Subjects: Age; Care and treatment; Caregivers; Children & youth; Confidence intervals; Data collection; Health facilities; Hepatitis B; Hospitals, Teaching; Immunization; Measles; Mothers; Original; Pediatric research; Pediatrics; Preschool children; Professional ethics; Questionnaires; Sample size; Sampling techniques; Statistics; Teaching hospitals; Tetanus; Vaccines; Whooping cough; Nigeria; India; immunization status; predictors; Caregivers/mothers; children 1-5 years; vaccines
• ISSN: 2248-2997; 2248-2997
• DOI: 10.18683/germs.2022.1307

Advocacy for immunization has been ongoing in various parts of the world to improve immunization uptake amongst children. Annually within the last decade, immunization has been reported to avert over two million deaths globally. This study determined the current immunization status of children 1-5 years of age, the factors affecting immunization uptake and recommends ways of improving immunization uptake among children presenting at an Emergency Pediatric Unit (EPU). This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted from 1 October to 30 November 2019. All eligible children aged 1-5 years old seen within the study period whose mothers/caregivers consented to participate in the study were recruited in the EPU of Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH), Plateau State, Nigeria. A systematic sampling technique was employed in the selection of caregiver/mother-child pair while data were obtained using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. A total of 191 (76.4%) children were fully immunized for age. Distance to the health facility, experience of vaccine side effects and health workers' attitude were significantly associated with immunization status. Distance to health facility was an independent predictor of complete immunization while short messaging service (SMS) was the most preferred 190 (76.0%) way suggested to improve immunization uptake. This study has brought to light a suboptimal level of full immunization status for age, which can be improved by targeting homegrown interventions at improving accessibility to the facility and addressing adverse events following immunization promptly.