Comparison of Bladder Carcinogens in the Urine of E-cigarette Users Versus Non E-cigarette Using Controls

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 8; no. 1; p. 507
• Main Authors: Fuller, Thomas W., Acharya, Abhinav P., Meyyappan, Thiagarajan, Yu, Michelle, Bhaskar, Godugu, Little, Steven R., Tarin, Tatum V.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 11.01.2018; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 692/4025/1334; 692/499; 692/53/2423; Amines; Bladder cancer; Cancer; Carcinogens; Cigarette smoking; Electronic cigarettes; Health risk assessment; Humanities and Social Sciences; Liquid chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; multidisciplinary; o-Toluidine; Perception; Risk factors; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Urinary bladder; Urine
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-19030-1

Electronic cigarette (EC) use is gaining popularity as a substitute for conventional smoking due to the perception and evidence it represents a safer alternative. In contrast to the common perception amongst users that ECs represent no risk initial studies have revealed a complex composition of e-cigarette liquids. Conventional cigarette smoking is a known risk factor for developing bladder cancer and prior reports raise concern some of those causative compounds may exist in EC liquids or vapor. Urine samples were collected from 13 e-cigarette using subjects and 10 non e-cigarette using controls. Five known bladder carcinogens that are either present in conventional cigarettes, products of combustion, or solvents believed to be used in some e-cigarette formulations were quantified by liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Analysis of e-cigarette user urine revealed the presence of two carcinogenic compounds, o-toluidine and 2-naphthylamine, at a mean 2.3 and 1.3 fold higher concentration (p-value of 0.0013 and 0.014 respectively). Many of these subjects (9/13) were long term nonsmokers (>12 months). Further study is needed to clarify the safety profile of e-cigarettes and their contribution to the development of bladder cancer given the greater concentration of carcinogenic aromatic amines in the urine of e-cigarette users.