Electrochemically controlled in-tube solid phase microextraction

• Published in: Analytica chimica acta Vol. 853; pp. 335 - 341
• Main Authors: Ahmadi, Seyyed Hamid, Manbohi, Ahmad, Heydar, Kourosh Tabar
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.01.2015
• Subjects: Constants; Diclofenac; Electrochemically controlled in-tube solid phase microextraction; Electrodes; Electropolymerization; Extraction; Mathematical analysis; On-line systems; Polypyrrole; Solid phases; Tubes; Uptakes; Electrochemically controlled in-tube solid phase microextraction; Electropolymerization; Polypyrrole; Diclofenac
• ISSN: 0003-2670; 1873-4324
• DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.10.040

[Display omitted] •Pyrrole was elctropolymerized on the inner surface of a stainless steel tube.•We report new in-tube SPME approach named electrochemically controlled in-tube SPME.•After the completion of EC in-tube SPME–HPLC setup, the PPy-coated tube was used as working electrode.•This approach, which combined electrochemistry and in-tube SPME, decreased the total analysis time and increased the sensitivity.•Extraction ability of the tube in presence and in absence of applied electrical potential was investigated. We report a new in-tube solid phase microextraction approach named electrochemically controlled in-tube solid phase microextraction (EC in-tube SPME). This approach, which combined electrochemistry and in-tube SPME, led to decrease in total analysis time and increase in sensitivity. At first, pyrrole was elctropolymerized on the inner surface of a stainless steel tube. Then, the polypyrrole (PPy)-coated in-tube SPME was coupled on-line to liquid chromatography (HPLC) to achieve automated in-tube SPME–HPLC analysis. After the completion of EC-in-tube SPME–HPLC setup, the PPy-coated tube was used as working electrode for uptake of diclofenac as target analyte. Extraction ability of the tube in presence and in absence of applied electrical field was investigated. It was found that, under the same extraction conditions, the extraction efficiency could be greatly enhanced by using the constant potential. Important factors are also optimized. The detection limit (S/N=3) and precision were 0.1μgL−1 and 4.4%, respectively.